Multiplication, abbreviated

Units may be combined together into derived units to express a property more complicated than mass, length, or time. For example, volume, V, the amount of space occupied by a substance, is the product of three lengths therefore, the derived unit of volume is (meter)3, denoted m3. Similarly, density, the mass of a sample divided by its volume, is expressed in terms of the base unit for mass divided by the derived unit for volume—namely, kilogram/(meter)3, denoted kg/m3 or, equivalently, kg-m-3. The SI convention is that a power, such as the 3 in cm3, refers to the unit and its multiple. That is, cm3 should be interpreted as (cm)3 or 10-6 m3 not as c(m3), or 10 2 m3. Many of the more common derived units have names and abbreviations of their own. 

FIGURE 11.32 Densitogram illustrating various techniques of development of Heracleum sphondylium fruit extract on silica with AcOEt + H (1 9) (a) by isocratic method, (b) incremental multiple development with 10-mm steps. For abbreviations, see Figure 11.1. (For details, see Wawrzynowicz, T., Czapinska, K., and Markowski, W., J. Planar Chromatogr., 11, 388-393, 1998.)... 

FIGURE 8.11 Multiple signal-transduction pathways initiated by calmodulin. Calmodulin bound to Ca2+ interacts and activates many enzymes, opening up a wide range of possible cellular responses. Abbreviations MAP-2, microtubule-associated protein 2 NO, nitric oxide Tau, tubulin assembly unit. 

Fig. 2a-d. Multiple alignment of primary structures from 36 PHA synthases. A comparison of amino acid sequences derived from PH A synthase genes is shown. Amino acids are specified by the standard one-letter abbreviations. The consensus sequence represents amino acid residues (shaded) which are present in at least 50% of the PHA synthases. Highly conserved amino acids, which are present in at least 70% of the PHA synthases, are additionally underlined in the consensus sequence and the eight amino acid residues, which are present in all PHA synthases, are indicated as bold letters. See Table 1 for references... 

The Systeme International d Unites (International System of Units) has the abbreviation SI. It includes base units, supplementary and derived units which together form a coherent system of units. Prefixes are used to form decimal multiples and sub-multiples of the SI units. 

NMR spectra were recorded on Bruker AC200 spectrometers unless indicated otherwise deuteriated chloroform was used as solvent and tetramethylsi-lane as internal reference. Chemical shifts (8) are given in ppm. The following abbreviations were used to define the multiplicities s, singlet d, doublet t, triplet q, quartet m, multiplet br, broad coupling constants (/) are measured in Hertz (Hz). IR spectra were recorded on a Nicolet Magna-550 FTIR... 

Fig. 6. Multiple alignment of a putative zinc finger in pushover/calossin and two archaeal proteins. Conserved cysteines predicted to bind Zn2+ are shown as white-on-black. Annotation of this alignment is as Fig. 4. Species abbreviations as Figs. 4 and 5, except ARCFU, Archaeoglobus fulgidus METJA, Methanococcus jannaschii.

A diagonal matrix with only ones as diagonal elements is called identity matrix, commonly abbreviated as I. It is the neutral element with respect to matrix multiplication i.e. left or right multiplication of a matrix A with an identity matrix I of appropriate dimensions results in A itself. In Matlab the command eye (n) can be used to build an identity matrix of dimensions nxn. 

The greatest common factor is abbreviated as the GCF, and the least common multiple is abbreviated as the LCM, or when working with fractions, the least common (multiple of the) denominators, the LCD. 

This book provides an ideal revision guide for those preparing to sit for a multiple choice questions (MCQs) examination in pharmacy. It covers common general pharmacy practice interventions and operations and other topics commonly featured in examinations, such as simple pharmaceutical calculations, doses, strengths, nomenclature, abbreviations, dosage forms, specialities, trade and generic names, biochemical tests, classification, side-effects, and common diseases. Some recent advances in pharmacy practice are also included. 

The cosmopolitan cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa is frequently the major component of freshwater cyanobacterial blooms. These blooms can cause serious water management problems and are occasionally associated with animal poisoning. The aeruginosa toxins are potent lethal peptides which contain three invariant D-amino acids (Ala, erythro-3-methyl Asp, and Glu), two variant L-amino acids, N-methyl dehydroalanine, and a 3 amino acid (1-3). Multiple toxins have been purified from clonal isolates (1,4). The toxic peptide described in this chapter is denoted toxin-LR using the standard one-letter abbreviations for its two variant amino acids, leucine and arginine. 

Editors names are written last name hrst, with initials only. Names are followed by an abbreviation for editor(s) Ed. (for books with one editor) or Eds. (for books with multiple editors). 

Abbreviations and acronyms are short forms of single words (e.g., M for molar) or multiple words (e.g., NMR for nuclear magnetic resonance). In abbreviations, the individual letters are usually pronounced (e.g., A-C-S for American Chemical Society) in acronyms, the letters form a new word (e.g., CASSl for Chemical Abstracts Service Source Index). Compound labels are used to represent chemical compounds. (See also chapter 3 and The ACS Style Guide for more information on abbreviations and acronyms.)... 

Rule 10 Form the plural of multiple-letter, all-capital abbreviations and abbreviations ending in a capital letter by adding a lowercase s only. Do not put an apostrophe before the s do not add an s to units of measure ... 

The abbreviation et al. (from the Latin et alia) means and others. It is used to refer to a work that has multiple authors. Instead of referring to a work by writing out all of the authors names, writers use et al. after the surname of the first... 

Business letters should be dated with the date the letter is completed and sent. Sometimes, it can take several days to complete a business letter (you may have multiple drafts or need to wait for a supervisor s approval before you can send a letter)— use the last day you worked on the letter in these cases. Write out the month, day, and year October 12,2001. Don t abbreviate the month or include the day of the week. 

The traction oj is the vector force per unit area acting on a surface. The unit of impedance is the rayl, where 1 rayl = 1 kg m-2 s 1 the usual multiple is the megarayl, abbreviated Mrayl. The impedance is equal to the product of the density p of a medium and the velocity v of a given wave propagating in it this is how impedance is usually calculated,... 

Name Abbreviation Multiplication Factor (relative to meter)... 

Pulse sequences for non-selective polarization transfer, not only useful for signal enhancement but also for multiplicity selection, are referred to as INEPT [54], abbreviated from Insensitive Nuclei Enhanced by Polarization Transfer . An improved method denoted as Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer or DEPT" [55] permits the cleanest multiplicity selection known so far, with full enhancement and low sensitivity to individual CH coupling constants. In addition, fully enhanced and undistorted coupled spectra can be recorded. Finally, subspectra for CH, CH2 and CH3 groups can be generated. 

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