MUFAs

Note all reusable glassware (except volumetric pipettes) should be baked in a mufAe oven at 450 °C for at least 2 h to remove possible contamination before use. 

Mono n-alkenoic acids (MUFA) C14-C20 Algal, zooplankton. bacteria 89 (71-99)... 

MUFA- monounsaturated fatty acid PUFA - polyunsaturated fatty acid. Arachidonic acid itself can function as a messenger (see below). 

The position of fatty acid changes on the glycerol backbone differed between PC and PE. Polyunsaturated fatty acids tend to occur at the sn-2 position, and saturates and MUFAs preferentially occur at the sn-1 position. Consequently, in PC, the adaptive changes... 

Ertas et al. (2005) investigated the potential effects of dietary supplementation by coriander seed (considered as a lipolytic and antioxidant compound) on carcass lipid composition of quails. Their aim was to reduce saturated fatty acid consumption and to increase essential fatty acids (particularly n3 unsaturated acids) in alimentation. Dietary supplementation by coriander seed affected the lipid composition of carcass greatly by decreasing saturated fatty acid (SFA) contents (palmitic and stearic acids) and by increasing monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid (MUFA and... 

Poly-unsaturated (PUFA) methyl esters have a much lower oxidation stability than mono-unsaturated (MUFA) or saturated (SAFA) methyl esters,... 

In Study II, young adult human subjects were fed two laboratory-controlled diets containing either 30% of total calories from fat (approximately 100 mg cholesterol 10 10 10 PUFA to MUFA to SFA ratio) or 40% of total calories from fat (approximately 600 mg cholesterol 4 14 14 fatty acid ratio). Two levels of manganese were fed (5 and 45 mg Mn/day) within each level of fat. The higher level of dietary fat generally increased fecal excretion of manganese and increased serum lipids. 

Therefore, the kinetics and the product yields of isomerization and thiol adduct formation for a variety of Z- and ii-monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) esters were studied. The reactions were initiated by continuous °Co y-irradiation of N20-saturated f rf-butanol solutions containing -mercaptoethanol and MUFA esters. The time-dependent isomerizations and thiol additions were analyzed on the basis of the radiation chemical yields of radicals and established rate data. The rate constants for the reversible RS addition, within experimental error, do not depend on the double bond position in the alkyl chains vide Table 6). 

The rate of /3-elimination of RS radical to the F-isomer is larger than the /3-elimination of RS radical to the isomer k. This fact indicates that the barrier for the fragmentation to the more stable F-isomer is smaller than that to the less stable Z-isomer. Different energies required for the formation of the transition states from the equilibrium structure of the intermediate radical MUFA(RS) (Scheme 1) might explain this phenomenon. A faster addition of RS radicals to F- than to Z-isomers was observed (fef/ = 1.3) similarly as for C-centered radicals. 

Dietary MUFA have been found to have several positive effects that include, in addition to lowering human LDL-cholesterol plasma levels, positive effects on lipoprotein oxidation, coagulation, and fibrinolysis (29). Low-fat, monounsaturate-rich diets reduce the susceptibility of low-density lipoproteins to peroxidation ex vivo (30). In hypercholesterolemic subjects, diets containing MUFA resulted in favorable alterations in the fatty acid composition and oxidative profile of LDL in hypercholesterolemic subjects that were characterized as an increase in lipid peroxide lag time and a decrease in lipid peroxide formation (30). In animal studies. 

Abbreviations LLCAN—Low iinoienic acid canola oil HOGAN—High oleic acid canola oil GLCO—Canola oil with gamma linolenic acid LLFlax—Flaxseed oil with reduced content of linolenic acid LTCAN—Canola oil with high content of lauric acid SUN—Sunflower oil MUFA—Monounsaturated fatty acids PUFA— Polyunsaturated fatty acids. 

Abbreviations Fatty Acids SFA—saturated MUFA—monounsaturated PUFA—poiyunsaturated Piasto-chromanol-8-derivative of gamma tocotrienoi with ionger side chain. 

There is also controversy over the importance of MUFA over PUFA from the metabolic viewpoint. Great emphasis is placed on the distinction between the n-3 PUFA and those of the n-6 family. An increased intake of n-3 and a reduced intake of n-6 are recommended in light of the competitive metabolism of both families of fatty acids. As linoleic acid is a n-6 parent, a reduction of its intake favors the n-3/n-6 ratio on the other hand, it is also an essential fatty acid. 

There are only two studies in which the effects of diets rich in monounsatu-rated FAs (MUFAs) on human immune functions have been examined. In one study, we compared the effects of feeding diets containing safflower oils with either 75% oleic acid or LA to young healthy men for 80 days (Kelley et al., 1989). The daily intake of oleic acid in the low and high MUFA diets was 24 and 51 g, whereas that of LA was 36 and 15 g. Lymphocyte proliferation and serum concentrations of immunoglobulins and complement proteins did not differ between the two diets. In another study, the effects of refined olive oil on indices of immune response in healthy men were examined (Yaqoob et al., 1998). The MUFA content of the two diets was 18.4 and... 

MUFA diets. Results from these two studies indicate that moderate changes in the consumption of MUFAs do not have any adverse or beneficial effects on several indices of immune response as long as the total fat content of the diets are comparable. The effects may differ significantly if MUFA is being replaced by n-3 PUFA, but those should be attributed to the changes in n-3 PUFA and not MUFA. 

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