Mouse sperm

Figure 2. Electron micrograph of cross section of flagellum of mouse sperm, taken near the tip. The axoneme contains nine outer pairs of doublet microtubules and two central singlet microtubules. Several dynein arms and the fibrous sheath of the sperm are also shown.

In contrast, acute-duration exposure to up to 5,000 ppm -hexane for 20 hours a day for 5 consecutive days caused no changes in mouse sperm morphology when sperm were examined 5 weeks later (Mast et al. 1989a). Similar exposure also had no effect on the fertility of male mice over the following 8 weeks (Mastetal. 1989b). 

Land PC, Owen EL, Linde HW. 1979. Mouse sperm morphology following exposure to anesthetics during early spermatogenesis. Anesthesiology 51 259. 

DNA methylation patterns are heritably propagated in somatic lineage cells, but in some circumstances methylation of DNA is a dynamic process, especially during early embryogenesis. Remodeling of DNA methylation levels and patterns have been observed during development of many vertebrate species [5 9], the most dramatic example being the rapid demethylation of the mouse sperm DNA few... 

Cycloheximide is genotoxic in Escherichia coli with metabolic activation and in the mouse sperm morphology assay. Carcinogenicity bioassays in the mouse and rat are inconclusive. ... 

Quinto I, De Marinis E, Mallardo M, et al Effect of DNOC, Ferbam and hnidan exposure on mouse sperm morphology. Mutat Res 224 405-408, 1989... 

Caprolactam treatment in vivo did not increase DNA single-strand breaks in hepatocytes or unscheduled DNA synthesis in spermatocytes of rats, did not induce sister chromatid exchanges, micronuclei or chromosomal aberrations in mouse bone marrow and did not induce morphological abnormalities in mouse sperm. Inconclusive results were reported in two mouse spot test studies for gene mutations. 

Osterloh, J., Letz, G, Pond, S. Becker, C. (1983) An assessment of the potential testicular toxicity of 10 pesticides using the mouse-sperm morphology assay. Mutat. Res., 116. 407-415... 

The Working Group was also aware of inhalation studies with dimethylformamide conducted for the United States National Institute of Occupational Health. These involved exposure to 400 ppm [1200 mg/m ] for 7 h in a rat bone-marrow cell cytogenetic study, for 7 h per day for five days in a rat bone-marrow cell cytogenetic study, a male rat dominant lethal assay and a mouse sperm morphology assay and for 2.25 h in a Drosophila melanogaster sex-linked recessive lethal assay. All results were negative. 

Mouse sperm cells were allowed to swim through a meander channel in a glass chip (Pyrex or soda lime glass) to fertilize an egg for in vitro fertilization (IVF) [876]. Later, sperm studies were carried out in PMMA chips [877]. 

R. Waibel, G. M. Oldfard, G. fficsor.and L. Cl Ginsberg. Histochenucal evaluation of sodium aumthiomakte inhibition of mouse sperm enzymes, J. Rep rod. Fen, 7ft 151 fl9B4). 

R, Waibel, G. M.Old ford,G.Flcsor.andL. CGinsberg. Histochemical evaluatJonof spdiimi BiippUriqmalmff inhibition of mouse sperm enzymes. /. Reprod. Perl. 70 151 (1984). 

In a related approach, variants of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase X (LDH-X), which is found only in sperm, have been detected in mouse sperm with the use of monospecific antibodies to rat LDH-X.15 The frequency of variants... 

Topham, and M.D. Whorton. A review of the mouse-sperm-morphology assay and other animal-sperm assays, pp. 57-58. In Current Status of Bioassays in Genetic Toxicology (GENE-TOX). Conference held December 3-5, 1980. Washington, D.C. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1980. (abstract)-... 

Percoll gradient-centrifuged capacitated mouse sperm have in- 118. creased fertilizing ability and higher contents of sulfogalactosyl-glycerolipid and docosahexaenoic acid-containing phosphatidylcholine compared to washed capacitated mouse sperm. Biol. 119. Reprod. 2005 72 574-583. 

Ethanol is negative in mutagenicity assays in bacteria, mouse sperm, cell transformation in hamster and rat embryo cells, and chromosome aberrations in vitro. It produces dominant lethal effects in rats and increases sister chromosome exchange in vitro in human and nonhuman lymphocytes. 

Penicillin V was inconclusive in the Bacillus subtilis assay and negative in Escherichia coli and male mouse sperm assays. 

Ames Salmonella, Drosophila, and male mouse sperm morphology assays of thalidomide have been negative mutagenicity tests using Allium cepa and Yicia faba have been positive. 

Mouse sperm Dominant lethal mutation - Brusick and Matheson 1976 IIDMH... 

Wryobek AJ, London SA. 1973. Effect of hydrazines on mouse sperm cells. AMRL-TR-73-125. 

Mouse sperm cells Chromosomal abnormalities - Bruce and Meddle 1979 Aroclor 1254... 

Bookbinder, L.H., Cheng, A., and Bleil, J.D. (1995). Tissue and species-specific expression of sp56, a mouse sperm fertilization protein. Science 269 86-89. 

Lee, M. A and Storey, B.T.(1986).B icarbonate is essential for fertilization of mouse eggs mouse sperm require it to undergo the acrosome reaction. Biol Reprod. 54 349-356. 

Neill, J. and Olds-Clarke, P. (1987). A computer-assisted assay for mouse sperm hyperactivation demonstrates that bicarbonate but not bovine serum albumin is required. Gamete Res. 78 121-140. 

Saling, P.M. and Storey, B.T. (1979). Mouse gamete interactions during fertilization in vitro Chlortetracycline as fluorescent probe for the mouse sperm acrosome reaction. J. Cell Biol. 83 544-555. 

Visconti, P.E., Moore, G.D., Bailey, J.L., Leclerc, P., Connors, S.A., Pan, D., Olds-Clarke, P., and Kopf, G.S. (1995b). Capacitation of mouse spermatozoa. 11. Protein tyrosine phosphorylation and capacitation are regulated by a cAMP-dependent pathway. Development I21 1139-1150. Visconti, P.E., Johnson, L., Oyaski, M., Pomes, M., Moss, S.B., Gerton, G.L., and Kopf. G.S. (1997). Regulation, localization, and anchoring of protein kinase A subunits during mouse sperm capacitation. Dev. Biol. 792 351-363. 

Zeng, Y, Oberdorf J.A., and Florman, H.M. (1996). pH regulation in mouse sperm. Identification of Na, Cl, and HCOj -dependent and arylaminobenzoate-dependent regulatory rhechanisms and characterization of their role in sperm capacitation. Dev. Biol. 773 510-520. 

Matsumoto, K., Anzai, M., Nakagata, N., Takahashi, A.,Takahashi, Y., andMiyata, K. (1994). Onset of paternal gene activation in early mouse embryos fertilized with transgenic mouse sperm. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 39 136-140. 

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