Glass, soda-lime

Fig. 12. Glass manufacture. Temperatures are for common soda—lime glass. Other glasses may require appreciably different temperatures.

Fig. 5. Comparison of thermal expansion of vitreous siUca, A, to that of borosiUcate glass, B, and soda—lime glass, C.

Glass. Ordinary glass (qv), soda—lime glass, is a complex mixture of siHcates, chiefly those of sodium and calcium [1344-95-2] (6,9). Lime, usually... 

The viscosity of liquid silicates such as drose containing barium oxide and silica show a rapid fall between pure silica and 20 mole per cent of metal oxide of nearly an order of magnitude at 2000 K, followed by a slower decrease as more metal oxide is added. The viscosity then decreases by a factor of two between 20 and 40 mole per cent. The activation energy for viscous flow decreases from 560 kJ in pure silica to 160-180kJmol as the network is broken up by metal oxide addition. The introduction of CaFa into a silicate melt reduces the viscosity markedly, typically by about a factor of drree. There is a rapid increase in the thermal expansivity coefficient as the network is dispersed, from practically zero in solid silica to around 40 cm moP in a typical soda-lime glass. 

Soda-lime glass Borosilicate glass 70 SiOj, 10 CaO, 15 Na O 80 SiOj, 15 BjOj, 5 NajO Windows, bottles, etc. easily formed and shaped. Pyrex cooking and chemical glassware high-temperature strength, low coefficient of expansion, good thermal shock resistance. 

Soda-lime glass accounts for about 90% of the U.S. production. It is produced in large, direct-fired, continuous-melting furnaces in which the... 

Hydrogen and sodium profiles of a sample of soda-lime glass exposed to water at 90° C. The Na and H profiles were measured using Na Ip, yi Mg and I N, ay) resonant nuclear raactions, respectively. ... 

Fig. 4.50. IBSCA spectra of an antireflective coating on soda-lime glass (Si02-Ti02-Si02/Ti02-substrate) conditions 5 keVAr" bombardment.

A second set of examples deals with the analysis of near-surface regions of glasses which normally have so-called altered or leached layers. The altered layer is found for soda-lime glasses and for many glasses used for optical applications. The chan-... 

Ti02-Si02-Ti02-soda-lime glass) conditions 5 keV Ar". ... 

Fig. 1. Log-log plot of the contact radius as a function of particle radius for soda-lime glass particles on polyurethane (from ref. [56]).

Rimai et al. [57] determined the power-law dependence of the contact radius on the substrate s Young s modulus for another quintessential JKR system that of a soda-lime glass particles on polyurethane substrates. They reported that the contact radius varied as with iua calculated to be 0.12 J/m. The results... 

Lest one be lulled into a false sense that, assuming that the JKR theory properly describes particle adhesion within its regime, DeMejo et al. [56] also reported that, for soda-lime glass particles with radii less than about 5 p.m, the contact radius varied, not as the predicted but, rather, as Similar results were reported for other systems including polystyrene spheres on polyurethane [58], as shown in Fig. 2, and for glass particles having radii between about 1 and 100 p,m on a highly compliant, plasticized polyurethane substrate [59] as illustrated in Fig. 3. 

Natron-hydrat, n. sodium hydroxide, -hydrat-Idsung,/. sodium hydroxide solution, -hyper-oxyd, n, sodium peroxide, -kalk, m, soda lime, -kalkglas, n. soda-lime glass, -kalk-rohr, n., -kalkrohre, /. soda-lime tube. -la.uge, /. soda lye, solution of caustic soda. 

Molybdenum is extremely resistant to attack by molten glass up to 1 000° C if sulphur is present, and up to 1 400°C in its absence. In addition, any reaction products formed by the two materials are colourless. Consequently molybdenum is used in the production of optical and soda lime glasses. Molybdenum is, however, corroded by lead glasses which lose their gloss as a result of the interaction between the two materials. ... 

The USP stipulates a test and limits for alkali extraction from container soda-lime glass (5). Specially prepared double-distilled water is used to extract the glass for one hour at 121 °C in a steam autoclave on a strict cycle program. An aliquot of the extract is then back titrated with... 

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