Motor fuels properties

Product characteristics and motor-fuel properties. The motor-fuel properties of bench-fractionated alcohols from the demonstration plant have also been examined. Table V presents the composition of the average representative fractionated sample. Its purity is 99.3 similar to that of the raw alcohols before fractionation, with 35.8 wt % and 0.16 % water. 

Motor fuels are submitted to strict regulations concerning physical properties and properties of combustion, for which the octane number is the most representative characteristic. 

In addition to their antiknock properties, organic lead compounds possess bactericidal properties and motor fuels with lead are known to inhibit bacterial growth during storage in contact with water. With the disappearance of lead-based compounds, it is necessary to incorporate biocides from the cyclic imine family, (piperidine, pyrrolidine, hexamethyleneimine), alkylpropylene diamines or imidazolines (Figure 9.2). 

Alternative fuels fall into two general categories. The first class consists of fuels that are made from sources other than cmde oil but that have properties the same as or similar to conventional motor fuels. In this category are fuels made from coal and shale (see Fuels, synthetic). In the second category are fuels that are different from gasoline and diesel fuel and which require redesigned or modified engines. These include methanol (see Alcohol fuels), compressed natural gas (CNG), and Hquefted petroleum gas (LPG). 

In addition to MTBE, two other ethers commonly used as fuel additives ate /n/f-amyl methyl ether (TAME) and ethyl in/f-butyl ether [637-92-3] (ELBE). There ate a number of properties that ate important in gasoline blending (see Gasoline and OPHER MOTOR fuels) (Table 3). 

Most compounds in which carbon is the key element are classified as organic. Common examples of organic compounds include degreasing solvents, lubricants, and heating and motor fuels. This subsection highlights some of the more common characteristics of organics as they relate to hazards. Various relevant classes of organics are presented in terms of chemical behavior and physical properties. In order to facilitate the discussion to follow, a few basic definitions will be presented first. 

A further fact must be taken into account, which for obvious reasons did not appear in Haslam s article. As a consequence of our contracts with the Americans, we received from them above and beyond the agreement many very valuable contributions for the synthesis and improvement of motor fuels and lubrication oils, which just now during the war are most useful to us. It need not be especially mentioned that without lead-tetraethyl the present method of warfare would be unthinkable. The fact that since the beginning of the war we could produce lead-tetraethyl is entirely due to the circumstances that, shortly before, the Americans had presented us with the production plans, complete with experimental knowledge. Thus the difficult work of development (one need only recall the poisonous property of lead-tetraethyl, which caused many deaths in the U.S.A.) was spared us, since we could take up the manufacture of this product together with ail the experience that the Americans had gathered over long years. 

Noble, W. M., W. Peele, L. Wri t, and P. P. Mader. A Preliminary Report on the Use of Plants as indicators for a Comparison of the Smog FGases from Two Types of Motor Fuels. Los Angeles Air PPllution Control District—County of Los Angeles, 1959. 10 pp. 

Addn of small quantity, such as 0.1%, of Centr 2 to motor fuels improves their antiknock properties) 15)Perez Ara(1945), 423 (Some props) l6)J.Taylor et al, JPhysCollChem 51, 590(1947)(Some thermochemical props)... 

The micellar CuO additive is characterized by a high improvement in lubricant and fuel properties. A concentration of the additive at about 0.006% is needed in the motor oil and fuel products to note provide improvement of its maintenance properties. 

ON Octane number. A numerical measure of the antiknock properties of motor fuel, based on percentage by volume of isooctane in a standard reference fuel. 

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