Motivating Case Study

Design of Meta-Trials with Two Categories for Evaluating the CV Risk 

Control Group (ttjj) Experimental Drug ( 2t) Total ( j.) 

Total sample size of these eight trials 2363 4466 6829 

The development plan aims to use phase 2 and 3 trials to evaluate if the upper bound of a 95% Cl of the hazard ratio (HR) of the experimental drug to the control group is below 1.3. A composite endpoint is considered time to CV deaths, stroke, or myocardial infarction (MI), whichever occurs first. Under this setting, the power is the probability that the upper 95% Cl of fhe HR 1.3, when the true HR = 1. 

Following Spiegelhalter et al. (2004), a naive approach of power calculations is to simply pool the sample size across trials and to use the following approximation  

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The rest of the chapter is organized as follows. Section 2.2 presents the federal guidelines for designs of clinical trials and meta-analysis assessments of CV risks. Section 2.3 describes a motivating case study for designing a phase... 

A case study is used here to illustrate the benefits of CATD and to emphasize some of the points we have outlined. The example is of simulation applied to a clinical trial. All aspects of the trial have been deliberately disguised. It is hoped that the benefits and results given here are useful and motivating. 

Polyatomic molecules provide a still richer environment for studying phase control, where coupling between different dissociation channels can occur. Indeed, one of the original motivations for studying coherent control was to develop a means for bond-selective chemistry [25]. The first example of bond-selective two-pathway interference is the dissociation of dimethyl-sulfide to yield either H or CH3 fragments [74]. The peak in Fig. 11 is indicative of a resonance embedded in an elastic continuum (case 4). 

Hur MH (2006) Exploring the motivation factors of charitable giving and their value structure a case study of Seoul, Korean. Soc Behav Pers 34(6) 661-680... 

There has been a consistent motivation for the work presented in this chapter the application to molecular synthesis in interstellar gas clouds (see, for example, Herbst,22 this volume). The species in these regions are detected spectroscopically and are thus automatically isomerically identified. The routes to the observed neutral species consistently involve ion-molecule reactions followed by dissociative electron-ion recombination.18 The first step in this process is to determine whether an isomeric ion can be formed which is likely to recombine to an observed neutral species. The foregoing discussion has shown that whether this occurs depends on the detailed nature of the potential surface. Certainly, this only occurs in some of the cases studied. Much more understanding will be required before the needs of this application are fulfilled. 

Section 13.5 introduces a set of process patterns that are elaborated on throughout the case study. These patterns describe some of the broad contexts for development and a reasonable strategy for each one. Pattern 13.1, Object Development from Scratch, outlines an approach for developing a system from scratch. Pattern 13.2, Reengineering, addresses the case when an existing design is being reworked. Pattern 13.3, Short-Cycle Development, motivates development in short incremental cycles as a useful basis for many projects. 

In addition to the general systems inertia already mentioned, the uncertainties that always remain in view of all iimovations represent significantly more effective barriers to iimovation than all positive or negative motives and interests of the participants, which could be ascertained in the various case studies. The need to focus on innovation systems at supply chain level as well as overcoming system inertia and uncertainties and/or lack of knowledge, as fundamental barriers to innovation are some of the important findings of the SubChem project . However, this in turn produces new questions. 

In Section 8.4 we discussed decomposition-based HEN synthesis approaches that feature three separate tasks to be performed sequentially (i) minimum utility cost, (ii) minimum number of matches, and (iii) minimum investment cost network configuration. Such a decomposition was motivated by the discovery of the pinch point on the one hand and by our inability in the 1980 s to address the HEN synthesis problem as a single task problem. Application of such sequential synthesis approaches in many case studies resulted in good quality networks with respect to the total annualized cost which is a strong indication of the clever decomposition scheme. 

The case study described here was not constructed around the full set of motives reviewed and empirically explored earlier in this chapter. Nevertheless it does offer some analogies and links to the work already presented and suggests that the multi-motive patterns described do have life-cycle links particularly as they are expressed in preferences for activities in the particular setting. 

Motivation factor Examples from the case study Inter- national Domestic no children Domestic with children... 

This chapter reviews past research that has applied methods in optical rheometry to solve problems in the structure and dynamics of complex liquids. This review is organized according to the types of complex liquids that have been studied. In addition, several case studies are provided where the reader is introduced to specific applications that have been chosen to highlight various optical techniques and the interpretation of data. These studies chronicle the execution of the experiment, including the motivation of the choice of a particular technique, the design of the instrumentation, and the experimental procedures. 

In order to illustrate the main concepts of PCA, we will introduce two case studies, both from chromatography (although there are many other applications in the problems at the end of the chapter). It is not necessary to understand the detailed chemical motivations behind the chromatographic technique. The first case studies represents information sequentially related in time, and the second information where there is no such relationship but variables are on very different scales. 

The case study of Provimi Pet Food, the pet food division of Provimi, one of the world s largest animal feed manufacturing and commercial companies, is presented here in order to show the complexity and specialities of this problem, and the way it is solved. The main motives of why developing a supply chain model was necessary is first described, then the specialities of the supply chain of Provimi Pet Food are detailed with their mathematical formulation. Finally, computation results of optimizing different sizes of the problem using model versions of different complexity levels are presented. 

One of the motivations for studying ammonia complexes is that (before deuterium and oxygen isotopes were available) they offered one of the rare opportunities to get an idea about the constitution of aqua ions in solution. However, this does not always proceed as smoothly as in the case of nickel(II). Bjerrum found that Zn(NH3)/2 does not react further with aqueous ammonia, as confirmed by crystal structures containing this tetrahedral complex. However, the zinc(II) aqua ions in crystals are octahedral with N = 6 like magnesium(II) and nearly all 3d group aqua ions. 

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