Calculation of power for

Calculation of power for a turbine agitator in a baffled tank 179... 

Endless V-belts for industrial purposes - Industrial V-belt drives - calculation of power ratings Pulley and V ribbed belts for industrial applications-PH, PJ, PK. PL and PM profiles 2494-1/1994 3790/1995 4184 5292/1980 9982/1998... 

At this point, after a first pass through the calculation, a new polytropic exponent should be calculated. All values calculated to this point should be rechecked to see if original estimates were reasonable. If the deviation appears significant, a second pass should be made to improve the accuracy. Equation 2.78 can be used to calculate the power for the uncooled section. For an estimate, use a value of 1% for the mechanical losses. 

Calculate the power for agitation of a liquid of density 950 kg/m and viscosity 250 cP given the following configuration number of blades B = 6, agitator diameter 0.61 m, and speed at 90 rpm. Other geometrical ratios are shown in Figure 7-1. A disc-mounted flat turbine is used. 

Levee, H. H., Easy Calculation of Insulation for Underground Chilled Water Piping, Power, p. 92, Aug. (1956). 

The three most likely types of operational service misuse are overloading, incorrect lubrication and the presence of contaminants. Overloading is primarily due to the use of too small or too weak a gear unit, and this may be the result of false economy (installing an available unit for an application beyond its capacity) or failure to cater for the effects of shock loads in calculations of power rating. 

Here Z is the charge of the projectile with velocity v. In order to calculate stopping powers for atomic and molecular targets with reliability, however, one must choose a one-electron basis set appropriate for calculation of the generalized oscillator strength distribution (GOSD). The development of reasonable criteria for the choice of a reliable basis for such calculations is the concern of this paper. 

In order to use Eqs. (3) and (4) or the data given in Fig. 1, for the calculation of maximum turbulent fluctuation velocity the maximum energy dissipation e , must be known. With fully developed turbulence and defined reactor geometry, this is a fixed value and directly proportional to the mean mass-related power input = P/pV, so that the ratio ,/ can be described as an exclusive function of reactor geometry. In the following, therefore details will be provided on the calculation of power P and where available the geometric function ,/ . 

There is only very few process design literature for the calculation of power input for shake flasks [14-17]. Only the recent publication of Biichs et al. [17] provides a suitable correlation for the operating and geometric conditions... 

The main questions which arise with respect to the Glueckauf model discussed above concern the uniqueness and the physical justification of the postulated local charge variation represented by Eq. (44). With reference to the former question, some model calculations of SN for f(CFL) distributions of different shapes and widths may be noted 122,123). it was shown that the magnitude and form of the deviation from EVM behaviour for a given B/A ratio is determined largely by the shape of the f(CFL) function near the lower limit A. The precise form of f(CFL) in the higher CFL region appears to have a relatively minor effect on the conformity of SN to the power law of Eq. (46) or the value of q. 

In a reactor, the energy per fission, including the energy of the delayed neutrons and of the fission products, is 200 MeV. To produce 1 MW thermal energy, 3.1 x 1016 fissions per second are required. If the half-life of the fission product is short compared with the duration of operation of the reactor, its activity comes into equilibrium when creation by fission equals radioactive decay. Assuming a constant level of power for a duration of Tsecs, the activity is 3.1 x 104/(1 — exp—AT) TBq per MW. Some fission products themselves absorb neutrons (the socalled reactor poisons) and for them the calculation of activity is more complicated. Figure 2.2 shows the combined activity of 1 g of fission products formed in an instantaneous burst of fission and also from 1 g of fission products formed over a period of a year (Walton, 1961). The activity from a short burst decays approximately as t-1 2. 

Standard of proof demanded (a) A formal calculation of power technically needs to take into account the standard of proof being required for a declaration of significance. The usual criterion is that the 95 per cent confidence interval excludes a zero effect (a =0.05). If an experiment was designed to achieve a higher standards of proof (e.g. a = 0.02), a 98 per cent Cl will have to be used and this will be wider than the standard 95 per cent CL The wider interval is then more likely to cross the zero line and so power will be lower. So, requiring a lower risk of a false positive (reducing alpha) will lead to less power. 

The power in aerated slurry reactors in regime c can be calculated using Equation (3.3). In general, relations summarized by Baldi (1986) can be used for the calculation of power consumption. The most widely used correlation for the minimum rotational speed of agitation required for complete suspension of solids is that of Zweitering (Equation (3.6)). The most versatile... 

Ion irradiation of PTFE and plasma-fluorinated PMDA-ODA has been performed under typical conditions of RBS analysis. Loss of fluorine is observed on all films, especially at the start of irradiation. Decomposition is introduced by the beam interaction with the polymer defluorination and formation of carbon-carbon double bonds are detected by XPS and FTIR. For PTFE, irradiation produced films which were brittle and blistered. The calculated stopping power for He2+ ions and the experimentally measured depth of damage are approximately the same. 

G. R. Handrick, Report of the Study of Pure Explosive Compounds. Part IV. Calculation of heat of combustion of organic compounds from structural features and calculation of power of high explosives, Report C-58247 for the Office of the Chief of Ordnance, contract DA-19-020-ORD-47 by the Arthur D. Little, Inc., Cambridge, MA, 1956. 

Power Number, Np The power number, Np, sometimes referred to as Po, is a measure of the relative drag of the impeller. Streamline curved blades, like hydrofoils and retreat-curve impellers, have less drag than flat blades consequently, their power numbers are lower than those for flat-blade impellers. Power numbers of some of the more popular impellers are given in Table 9.1. The calculation of power from impeller diameter, speed, and liquid density is given by Equation (9.1). 

The calculation of power follows methods described previously, using the estimated weight average density, p, in the expression for Reynolds number and power. The viscosity for a Newtonian system is best measured by using a paddle-type rotating bob viscometer. The Metzner-Otto method is commonly used to determine the Re for a non-Newtonian system, where viscosity is a function of shear rate. This method consists of determining the mean shear rate from y = KN, where N is the stirring speed in rps, K is 10 for a propeller, and y is the mean shear rate is in s. Viscosity will not influence the calculation of power when Re > 200. 

CALCULATION OF POWER CONSUMPTION. The power delivered to the liquid is computed from Eq. (9.12) after a relationship for Np is specified. Rearranging Eq. (9.12) gives... 

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