Monomers derivatives chemical names

The reagent actually exists as the diboranc derivative (1) rather than as the monomer. The Chemical Abstracts name for this reagent is tctra-3-pinanyldiborane. It has been referred to as Pn4B2H2. 

Because of the complex, chemical names used to describe polymers, they are nearly always referred to by abbreviations. Such abbreviations take the form of a short string of capital letters each capital letter refers to a part of the common name. If the plastics material begins with poly then the first letter is P the other letter (s) are derived from the monomer unit. Names such as polystyrene and polyethylene are thus shortened to PS and PE respectively (see table 1). 

Such a polymer derives it name from the monomer from which it is usually manufactured. An idealized sample of polymer would consist of chains all having identical molecular weight. Such systems are called monodisperse polymers. In practice, however, all polymers are made up of molecules with molecular weights that vary over a range of values (i.e., have a distribution of molecular weights) and are said to be polydisperse. Whether monodisperse or polydisperse, the chemical formula of the polymer remains the same. For example, if the polymer is polystyrene, it would continue to be represented by... 

Propene is used as a starting material for numerous other compounds. Chief among these are isopropyl alcohol, acrylonitrile, and propylene oxide. Isopropyl alcohol results from the hydration of propylene during cracking and is the primary chemical derived from propylene. Isopropyl alcohol is used as a solvent, antifreeze, and as rubbing alcohol, but its major use is for the production of acetone. Acrylonitrile is used primarily as a monomer in the production of acrylic fibers. Polymerized acrylonitrile fibers are produced under the trade names such as Orion (DuPont) and Acrilan (Monsanto). Acrylonitrile is also a reactant in the synthesis of dyes, pharmaceuticals, synthetic rubber, and resins. Acrylonitrile production occurs primarily through ammoxidation of propylene CH3- CH = CH2 + NH3 + 1.5 02—> CH2 = CH - C = N + 3 H20. 

The monomer, commonly known as tetrahydrofuran, has the systematic name tetramethylene oxide or 1,4-epoxybutane. The polymer derived from it is as often called polytetramethylene oxide as polytetrahydrofuran. In accordance with Chemical Abstracts practice, we have chosen to use the names tetrahydrofuran (THF) and polytetrahydrofuran (PTHF). 

Figure 9.16 Chemical structure of cutin, a biopolyester mainly composed of interester-ified hydroxy and epoxy-hydroxy fatty acids with a chain length of 16 and/or 18 carbons (Ci6 and C[s class). Also, the chemical strcuture of the aliphatic monomers of suberin, derived from the general fatty acid biosynthetic pathway, namely from palmitic (16 0), stearic (18 0), and oleic acids.

The major industrial use of thiiranes, thiirenes, and their fused-ring derivatives is as monomers for polymerization. Over half of the listings in Chemical Abstracts under the general subject thiirane , as well as those under specific compound names, are devoted to polymers or polymerization, many of which are references to patents. 

Demand for elastomers—for synthetic rubber (SR) as well as NR—is well secured and is continuously increasing at a rate of 3-4% per year [9], Because rubber is a petroleum-derived product manufactured by a polymerization process in chemical plants, the management of supply against demand is relatively straightforward. To a certain extent, the prices of its basic ingredients—namely, the monomers—are more or less influenced by the price of petroleum [9], It is important for the imperative of cost that we consider this fact when deciding between natural and synthetic substances. 

It is useful to derive a local chemical potential difference p(r) between A- and B-monomers. This is given by the functional derivative of Eq. (47), namely [78]... 

The publication by Chiang et al. [1] led to a huge surge in interest in synthetic metals. In less than a decade, most of the monomer building blocks that we know today had been identified and many procedures for polymeric synthesis had been established. The chemical structures are illustrated in Figure 1.1. (In the nomenclature used in Figure 1.1, polyacetylene would be called polyvinylene. This is because some - common - names derive from the compound that is polymerized, while others, more correctly according to lUPAC conventions, use the monomeric unit in the product polymer.)... 

Rosin exploitation, a part of the so-called Naval Stores Industry, is at least as old as the construction of wooden naval vessels. In recent years, rosin components have attracted a renewed attention, notably as sources of monomers for polymers synthesis. The purpose of the present chapter is to provide a general overview of the major sources and composition of rosin. It deals therefore with essential features such as the structure and chemical reactivity of its most important components, viz. the resin acids, and the synthesis of a variety of their derivatives. This chemical approach is then followed hy a detailed discussion of the relevant applications, the resin acids and their derivatives, namely in polymer synthesis and processing, paper sizing, emulsion polymerization, adhesive tack and printing inks, among others. 

The name oxalic acid is derived from one of its sources in the biological world, namely, plants of the genus Oxalis, one of which is rhubarb. Oxalic acid also occurs in human and animal urine, and calcium oxalate (the calcium salt of oxalic acid) is a major component of kidney stones. Adipic acid is one of the two monomers required for the synthesis of the polymer nylon 66. The U.S. chemical industry produces approximately 1.8 billion pounds of adipic acid annually, solely for the synthesis of nylon 66 (Section 16.4A). 

Systematic names of chemical substances in the indexes are arranged in inverted format as follows. The index heading parent (usually the basic skeleton name with a locant and suffix that denotes the principal function), a comma, any substituents, and any modification (derivative of the principal function). Table 11 lists some common monomers, with both common names and CA Index names. 

CAS states (2) that specific polymers are named on the basis of the monomers from which they are formed and/or on the basis of their structure, as represented by an SRU. Since original documents do not always provide sufficient structural information to allow generation of the SRU name, the method most frequently used for describing polymeric substances is by citation of the component monomers. A few commercial polymers, each of which accounts for a large number of index entries, are indexed only at the SRU-based systematic polymer name. Systematic (SRU) nomenclature for polymers has been adopted from the system developed by the Committee on Nomenclature of the Division of Polymer Chemistry of the American Chemical Society (ACS) (14). Note the lUPAC recommendations (PureAppl. Chem. 48,373-385 (1976)) are in full agreement with CAS practice. Names derived by this system, in addition to monomer-based entries, are cited for polymers whose structural repeating imits are well-documented or can confidently be assumed. 

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