Monoclonal antibody in vitro

In 1975 G. Kohler and C. Milstein [24] demonstrated that it was possible to generate monoclonal antibodies in vitro. The technique involves cloning a single antibody-secreting B lymphocyte so that uniform antibodies can be obtained in large quantities. 

Rodwell J D, Alvarez V L, Lee C, et al. (1986). Site-specific covalent modification of monoclonal antibodies In vitro and in vivo evaluation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 83 2632-2636. 

Low price In comparison with monoclonal antibodies, in-vitro immimization does not need expensive media, cell culture materials, and so on. 

Dieu LH, Wu D, Palivan CG, Balasubramanian V, Huwyler J. Polymarsomes conjugated to 83-14 monoclonal antibodies in vitro targeting of brain capillary endothelial cells. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014 88(2) 316-24. 

Rituximab and its Mechanism of Action Other Monoclonal Antibodies in the Treatment OF Hematologic Malignancies The Fc7 Receptor Gene Polymorphism and in Vitro Data... 

Falkenberg, F. W., Hengelage, T., Krane, M., Bartels, I., Albrecht, A., Holtmeier, N., and Wuthrich, M. (1993). A simple and inexpensive high density dialysis tubing cell culture system for the in vitro production of monoclonal antibodies in high concentration. J. Immunol. Methods 165, 193-206. 

Autoreactive anti-class II T cells have been detected in BN rats injected with HgCl2 or gold salts. In addition, in the latter, T-cell lines have been obtained. We have shown that they are CD4+CD8-, that they proliferate in the presence of syngeneic and not allogeneic APCs, and that their proliferation is completely abolished in the presence of an anti-class II monoclonal antibody. In addition, these cells are able to cooperate in vitro with normal BN B cells to trigger a rise in Ig and IgE production as well as the synthesis of anti-laminin, anti-DNA, and anti-TNP antibodies, which are all markers of the disease (Castedo et al. 1992). These data suggest that these T cells are at play in the B-cell polyclonal activation in vivo. 

Whereas epidermal growth factor (EGF) enhances the radiosensitivity of human squamous ceU carcinoma cells in vitro (197), addition of EGF to hormone-deprived MCE-7 breast cancer cells prior to irradiation results ia iacreased radioresistance (198). An anti-EGE-receptor monoclonal antibody blocks the abiUty of EGE to enhance growth and radioresistance. Tumor cells, the growth of which is stimulated by EGE, appear to be protected those where growth is iohibited are sensitized (198). 

Rituximab is a recombinant mouse/human chimeric monoclonal antibody whose in vitro activity varies with the number of terminal galactose moieties glycosylated to the peptide backbone at residue asparagine 301 [8]. The ability to monitor the levels of each discrete species present would allow the manufacturing process to... 

Zhang XQ, Sorensen M, Fung M, Schooley RT (2006) Synergistic in vitro antiretroviral activity of a humanized monoclonal anti-CD4 antibody (TNX-355) and enfuvirtide (T-20), Antimicrob Agents Chemother 50 2231-2233... 

Omalizumab is a recombinant humanized monoclonal anti-IgE antibody that inhibits binding of IgE to receptors on mast cells and basophils, resulting in the inhibition of mediator release and attenuation of the early- and late-phase allergic response. It may be a treatment option for moderate to severe persistent asthmatics 12 years of age or older whose asthma is not controlled by inhaled corticosteroids and who have a positive skin test or in vitro reactivity to perennial allergens.37 Omalizumab significantly decreases inhaled corticosteroid use, number and length of exacerbations, and increases asthma-related quality of life.37... 

Monoclonal antibody production In vitro production of monoclonal antibodies EU... 

Kufe, D. W. Flayes, D. F. Abe, M. Ohno, T. Schlom, J. In vitro Diagnosis of Human Tumors using Monoclonal Antibodies. Kupchik, H. C., Ed., Marcel Dekker New York, 1988. 

The simplicity of this assay makes it highly attractive for further development. Some of the limitations include the need for the preparation of relatively large amounts of appropriately modified DNA for the initial immunization. This may be reduced with the development of in vitro immunization techniques in which as little as 5ng of antigen can be effective. The antibodies must also be characterized once prepared. For example, a variety of monoclonal antibodies against B[a]PDE-modified DNA have been prepared (42) which show varying specificity. At one extreme, some require the full structure of the adduct bound to DNA, at the other, BtalP tetraol will effectively compete. What is not clear at the moment is how specific such antisera are for a particular PAH. Will these antisera recognize only B[a]P tetraol structures or those of any diol epoxide modified DNA ... 

Boldicke, T., Kindt, S., Maywald, F., Fitzlaff, G., Bocher, M., Frank, R., and Collins, J. (1988) Production of specific monoclonal antibodies against the active sites of human pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor variants by in vitro immunization with synthetic peptides. Eur. J. Biochem. 175, 259-264. 

Hurwitz, E., Arnon, R., Sahar, E., and Danon, Y. (1983a) A conjugate of adriamycin and monoclonal antibodies to Thy-1 antigen inhibits human neuroblastoma cells in vitro. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 417, 125. 

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