Monitoring and testing

It may be clear from the above that a Quality Control Program should be fit for purpose accounting for the quality and performance criteria of the fill mass and considering the boundary conditions of the project. The following section describes monitoring and testing techniques in a random sequence. 

The dimensions of a landfill are checked by means of a geodetic survey. Before the start of construction a so-called in survey is performed to determine the actual horizontal and vertical limits of the area to be reclaimed. During construction, geodetic surveys are normally carried out with such frequency as to allow for a controlled execution of the work. After completion a so-called out survey is performed in order to check whether the horizontal and vertical hmits of the reclamation meet the contractual requirements. Frequently checking the water depth in the borrow area is also important since dredging is often specified to a certain approved depth or because suitable fill material has a limited thickness only. Information on the type of geodetic surveys is presented in Appendix B. 

As a result of the limitations of construction and survey equipment, the realised fill level will always show some deviation from the specified height. Achieving accuracies less than 0.05 m with standard land reclamation equipment is very difficult. Deviations should be acceptable to a certain level, also because of the uncertainties in settlement predictions. Claiming millimetre-precision for earthworks is unrealistic. Technical Specifications should therefore allow for pre-defined construction tolerances. If necessary, a distinction in scale can be made by defining macro- and micro tolerances. 

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Since they are used for complex relationships, about which only little prior knowledge is available, it is very hard to be sure that the training, monitoring and test examples are representative for the data. 

The environmental behaviour of LAS, as one of the most widely-used xenobiotic organic compounds, has aroused considerable interest and study. As a result, it has been determined that, under certain conditions, LAS compounds are completely biodegradable however, in the marine environment their degradation is known to be slower. The presence of metabolites of the anionic LAS surfactants, the long and short chain SPC derivatives, in the aqueous environment is well known, and as such these degradation intermediates needed to be monitored (and tested for their toxic effects). 

All stages of the analytical process must be effectively monitored and tested by comparison with peer laboratories. 

Directive 98/79/EC on in vitro diagnostics (TVDs ) came into force on 7 June 2000 and is mandatory from 7 December 2003. This covers products such as pregnancy tests, blood glucose monitoring and tests for transmissible diseases. 

Control weighting, measuring, monitoring and test equipment that is critical for assuring the quality of intermediates or APIs (active pharmaceutical ingredients) should be calibrated according to written procedures and an established schedules. 

Stumm, W., R. P. Schwarzenbach, and L. Sigg, From environmental analytical chemistry to ecotoxicology - A plea for more concepts and less monitoring and testing , Angewandte Chemie, 22, 380-389 (1983). 

In-Process Monitoring and Testing Controls for Tablet and Capsule Dosage Forms... 

Simulation leaching tests are upward-flow (NEN, 7343, 1995) and downward-flow column leaching tests (Huang et al., 2003). Laboratory leachates are collected on a regular basis, chemically monitored and tested with (at least) two aquatic bioassays (see below). 

It is the general goal of population monitoring and testing to develop efficient systems that require few persons and resources that goal is far from achievement. 

Conduct intensive in-process monitoring and testing, along with intensive testing of each API batch, to show that each production run resulted in an API meeting its predetermined quality characteristics and specifications (such data should also be assessed under the validation protocol to determine consistency of the process) ... 

When reviewing regulations in force discrepancies in monitoring and testing procedures as well as in action limits indicate a need for harmonization in the interest of an equal consideration for public health protection and international trade of seafood products. 

Management s responsibilities, commitments to quality and process review Quality policy, processes and planning Gathering and review of requirements Document management, version control and record keeping The design and development processes, inputs and outputs Verification, validation, monitoring and test activities... 

Web services are also becoming more and more distribuled in their implementation, with pieces of an application often running concurrently on several different machines. This will require the creation of an entire new generation of debugging, monitoring, and testing tools that can coordinate and analyze the behavior of activities spanning multiple machines. 

Computer based systems are used both to perform functions important to safety and to monitor and test systems important to safety. It should be ensured that computer based systems of both types are qualified for use and are maintained in accordance with their importance to safety. Maintenance activities on computer based systems should be carried out and managed in accordance with a maintenance plan that has been agreed between the user and the system developer prior to acceptance of the system. 

This informational brochure pinpoints the most important aspects of the EPA s regulation for Metal Fabrication Hazardous Air Pollutants (MFHAP). It includes upcoming deadlines, the processes impacted by the regulation, monitoring and test methods required for compliance, and the role of high efficiency dust and ffime collectors. Camfil Farr ARC, www.farrapc.com/regulations/mfhap, (800) 479-6801. Circle 263... 

Data received through inspection, monitoring and tests should be collected at regular intervals, evaluated and retained. Operation and maintenance reports should be collected and analysed for signs of a deterioration problem. Often this data will be in the form of a technical report. The report should record the data on a daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly... 

Strathmore NF, Mond HG, Noninvasive monitoring and testing of pacemaker function, PACE 1987 10 1359-1370. 

Monitoring and testing systems including safety audits principles of design and requirements for effectiveness. 

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