Xenobiotic organic compounds

Top EM, Springael D (2003) The role of mobile genetic elements in baderial adaptation to xenobiotic organic compounds Curr Opin Biotechnol 14 262-269... 

The environmental behaviour of LAS, as one of the most widely-used xenobiotic organic compounds, has aroused considerable interest and study. As a result, it has been determined that, under certain conditions, LAS compounds are completely biodegradable however, in the marine environment their degradation is known to be slower. The presence of metabolites of the anionic LAS surfactants, the long and short chain SPC derivatives, in the aqueous environment is well known, and as such these degradation intermediates needed to be monitored (and tested for their toxic effects). 

Hydrous Manganese oxides, widely distributed in natural systems, are stronger oxidants than iron(III)(hydr)oxide. These oxides readily oxidize many natural and xenobiotic organic compounds. Various substituted phenols, naturally present in... 

Swindoll CM, Aelion CM, Dobbins DC, et al. 1988. Aerobic biodegradation of natural and xenobiotic organic compounds by subsurface microbial communities. Environ Toxicol Chem 7(4) 291-299. 

In summary, organisms can use biological reductants such as NAD(P)H, capable of hydride transfer (two electron transfer), and reduced flavoproteins and metallo-proteins, capable of single electron donation. Although not necessarily intended to interact with xenobiotic organic compounds, when such organic chemicals come in contact with suitably reactive bioreductants in vivo, reductions can occur. 

Carboxylations. Another approach used by microorganisms to initiate the degradation of some xenobiotic organic compounds in anoxic settings involves converting the substrate to a carboxylated derivative ... 

Nielsen, P. H., Holm, P. E. Christensen, T. H. (1992). A field method for determination of groundwater and groundwater-sediment associated potentials for degradation of xenobiotic organic compounds. Chemosphere, 25(4), 449-62. 

The presence of acidic functional groups, mostly carboxyl and phenolic OH groups, in the molecular structure of soil HS renders them major players in the acid-base buffering capacity of soils and in the fate, bioavailability, and physico-chemical behavior of macro- and micronutrients, toxic metal ions, and several xenobiotic organic compounds in soil (Ritchie and Perdue, 2003 Senesi and Loffredo, 2005). Consequently, the effects of amendment on the acid-base properties of soil HAs and FAs is a subject of considerable interest. 

Reductive dissolution of transition metal oxide/hydroxide minerals can be enhanced by both organic and inorganic reductants (Stone, 1986). There are numerous examples of natural and xenobiotic organic compounds that are efficient reducers of oxides and hydroxides. Organic reductants associated with carboxyl, carbonyl, phenolic, and alcoholic functional groups of soil humic materials are one example. However, large... 

Baun, A., A. Ledin, L.A. Reitzel, P.L. Bjerg, and T.H. Christensen. 2004. Xenobiotic organic compounds in leachates from ten Danish MSW landfills—chemical analysis and toxicity tests. Water Res. 38 3845-3858. 

Baun A, Eriksson E, Ledin A, Mikkelsen PS. 2006. A methodology for ranking and hazard identification of xenobiotic organic compounds in urban stormwater. Sci Tot Environ 370 29-38. 

There are many reasons for a xenobiotic organic compound to be recalcitrant ... 

OVERVIEW OF PROCESSES CONTROLLING FATE OF LANDFILL LEACHATE COMPOUNDS. 5.1 Dissolved Organic Matter, Inorganic Macrocomponents, and Heavy Metals. 5.2 Xenobiotic Organic Compounds NORMAN LANDFILL (USA)... 

Xenobiotic organic compounds (XOCs) originating from household or industrial chemicals and present in relatively low concentrations in the leachate (usually less than ImgL of individual compounds). These compounds include, among others, a variety of aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, and pesticides. 

Baun A., Ask L., Ledin A., Christensen T. H., and Bjerg P. L. (2003) Natural attenuation of xenobiotic organic compounds in a landfill leachate plume (Vejen, Denmark). J. Contamin. Hydrol. 65, 269-291. 

Pedersen, J. A., Yeager, M. A., and Suffet, I. H., Xenobiotic organic compounds in runoff from fields irrigated with treated wastewater, J. Agric. Food Chem., 51, 1360-1372, 2003. 

Plants have been shown to biotransform xenobiotic organic compounds (Komossa and Sandermann, 1995 Pflugmacher and Sandermann, 1998). Historically, much of the information on plant biotransformation of organic compounds has been obtained from studies examining intentionally applied chemicals such as herbicides and pesticides. More recently, the biotransformation of nonherbicide organics has been investigated... 

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