Monel costs

FIG. 10-184 Cost of shop-fabricated tanks in mid-1980 with V4-in walls. Multiplying factors on carbon steel costs for other materials are carbon steel, 1.0 mbber-lined carbon steel, 1.5 alnminnm, 1.6 glass-lined carbon steel, 4.5 and fiber-reinforced plastic, 0.75 to 1.5. Multiplying factors on type 316 stainless-steel costs for other materials are 316 stainless steel, 1.0 Monel, 2.0 Inconel, 2.0 nickel, 2.0 titanium, 3.2 and Hastelloy C, 3.8. Multiplying factors for wall thicknesses different from V4 in are ... 

Clad Tube Sheets Usually tube sheets and other exchanger parts are of a solid metal. Clad or bimetallic tube sheets are usecito reduce costs or because no single metal is satisfactory for the corrosive conditions. The alloy material (e.g., stainless steel, Monel) is generally bonded or clad to a carbon steel backing material. In fixed-tube-sheet construction a copper-alloy-clad tube sheet can be welded to a steel shell, while most copper-alloy tube sheets cannot be welded to steel in a manner acceptable to ASME Code authorities. 

For instance, equipment made of monel generally costs 6.5 times as much as the same item constructed of carbon steel. If 25% of the equipment purchased for a plant were made of monel, this would increase the equipment costs by 237%, and the factor cost estimate would be 2.37 times that for a plant constructed of carbon steel. This is unreasonable, since the cost of buildings, roads, wiring, piping utilities, insulating, and instrumentation are independent of the materials of construction. In fact the only major changes would be in the process piping, which,... 

Determine the 197 1 module cost of a 5,000 ft2 U-tube heat exchanger constructed of carbon steel shell and monel tubes and rated at 500 psi. 

Assume a 20% contingency, that Ihe cost index will increase at 5% a year after 1969, and that monel equipment costs 5.8 times as much as carbon-steel equipment. 

Porous metals have long been commercially available for particulate filtration. They have been used in some cases as microfiltration membranes that can withstand harsh environments, or as porous supports for dynamic membranes. Stainless steel is by far the most widely used porous metal membrane. Other materials include silver, nickel. Monel, Hastelloy and Inconel. Their recommended maximum operating temperatures range from 200 to 650°C. Elepending on the pore diameter which varies from 0.2 to 5 microns, the water permeability of these symmetric membranes can exceed 3000 L/h-m -bar and is similar to that obtained with asymmetric ceramic microfiltration membranes. Due to the relatively high costs of these membranes, their use for microfiltration has not been widespread. 

Fans shall be of a design that has operated satisfactorily in cooling tower service for at least five years. The fans shall have a minimum of four blades of aluminum alloy, stainless steel, monel or equivalent. Plastic blades are not acceptable. Blades shall be adjustable for degree of pitch and shall be individually fastened to a hub of welded steel or cast iron (stainless steel optional at extra cost). 

Monel, 431,440-442 Motors cost of, 533 efficiencies of, 521 Muiphree plate efficiency, 661... 

On slow draining systems with drain rates less than 20 pounds per sq. foot per minute, the larger screen area of the vertical basket centrifuge per unit of cost may make its use economically attractive even on systems where rubber coating is not necessary. It is also available in Monel metal and stainless steel construction. 

Another alternative for electrodes is fine mesh screen. This provides more surface area than the flat plate and is not as easily clogged up as is the case with nickel sponge. Either 316 stainless steel, monel or nickel screen can be used. Nickel screen is expensive, so the 316 or monel is a more cost effective choice. The best choice is the monel, an alloy of 65% nickel, 33% copper and 2% iron. This alloy has excellent corrosion resistance in alkaline solutions and will last a long time. 

Monel is one of the best all-around metals for sea water service, but its high cost militates against widespread use. 

Used to join sheet metal, blind rivets are readily available in sizes up to around 5 mm diameter and 12 mm long in aluminium, steel and monel. Plated steel rivets are used where low cost, relatively high strength and no special corrosion-resistance is required aluminium for greater resistance to atmospheric and chemical corrosion and monel for high strength and high resistance to corrosion. 

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