Beet extract

Beet extract is also used as a colorant. Extract is sold as either a concentrate prepared by evaporating beet juice under vacuum to a total soHds content of 40—60%, or as a powder made by spray-dryiag the concentrate. Both products usually contain ascorbic or citric acid as a stabilizer, and a preservative such as sodium propionate. On a dry-weight basis, beet extract typically contains between 0.4 and 1.0% betanin, 80% sugar, 8% ash, and 10% cmde proteia. 

In addition to the U.S. certified coal-tar colorants, some noncertified naturally occurring plant and animal colorants, such as alkanet, annatto [1393-63-17, carotene [36-884] C qH, chlorophyll [1406-65-17, cochineal [1260-17-9] saffron [138-55-6] and henna [83-72-7], can be used in cosmetics. In the United States, however, natural food colors, such as beet extract or powder, turmeric, and saffron, are not allowed as cosmetic colorants. 

During fermentation, the betacyanins turned out to be more stable than the betaxanthins, which is assumed to be due to their thermal stability rather than different tendencies of pigments toward microbial degradation. Besides these biological tools, beet extracts may also be purified by column chromatographic techniques. After removal of sugars, salts, and phenolics, the nature-derived color preparation will, however, require E number labeling. ... 

For betaxanthins, partial synthesis is quite common and presents a viable tool for identification by co-injection experiments. - Starting from a red beet extract or semi-purified betanin-isobetanin blend, alkaline hydrolysis by addition of 32% ammonia is initiated. Spectrophotometric monitoring at 424 nm allows the release of betalamic acid to be followed. Betaxanthins are obtained through the addition of the respective amino acid or amine in at least 20-fold molar excess followed by careful evaporation. Since the starting material most often consists of a racemic betacyanin mixture, the resulting betaxanthin will also consist of two stereoisomers that may not easily be separated by HPLC. ... 

Betalain pigments have been tested on rodents by feeding 50mg/kg pure betanin, 2000 ppm betanine in the diet and several other conditions.11 No carcinogenic or other toxic effects were observed and the authors concluded that red beet extracts were safe as food colorants. 

Beet juice or beet extracts are known to contain other pigments (isobetanin, prebetanin, vulgaxanthin-II) besides betanin and vulgaxan-thin-I. The error that is introduced by calculating all betacyanins in terms of betanin and all be-... 

The high-performance liquid chromatography method (see Basic Protocol 2) allows for the separation of individual betanin and its aglycon betanidin and their isomers. The agly-con is naturally occurring in beet tissue, but in relatively small amounts. The isomers, isobe-tanidin and isobetanin, are easily formed when solutions of beet extract are subjected to either heat or acid (Schwartz and von Elbe, 1983). The... 

Antov, M. G., Pericin, D. M., and Dimic, G. R., Cultivation of Polyporus squamosus for pectinase production in aqueous two-phase system containing sugar beet extraction waste. Journal of Biotechnology 2001, 91 (1), 83-87. 

C12H22O11. Mr 342.29, [oId +97.2° (HjO). P. occurs in honey and sugar beet extracts in amounts of up to 1 % currently it is used in Japan for the production of confectionery, bakery products, etc. It is produced in ca. 90% yield by treatment of sucrose with Gram-negative enterobacteria. 

Geosmin is a natural product that smells like dirt. It is produced by several microorganisms and can be obtained from beet extracts. Complete the following decalin ring skeleton, placing the substituents of geosmin in their proper orientations. 

Synonyms Beet extract Beta vulgaris Beta vulgaris extract... 

Beet extract. See Beet (Beta vulgaris) extract Beetle 65. See Urea-formaldehyde resin, methylated... 

Marked axial dispersion in both the liquid and solid phases has been observed in continuous countercurrent leaching systems. The solid-phase dispersion is probably caused by nonuniform conveying and by backmixing caused by the baffles which are used to prevent solid beds from turning en masse. VnliD n values of 16.1 m and 20 m, respectively, have b n repotted for sugar beet extraction in tower and slope extractors. Local fiow nonuniformity and larger-scale flow maldistribution are the primary factors that cause axial dispersion in the extract. 

Glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde have also been assessed as disinfectants in sugar beet extraction installations [340]. Formaldehyde was more effective for microbiological control under the operating conditions concerned. Glutaraldehyde was also less resistant to invertase activity. 

The main carbohydrate feedstocks are hexose sugars and poly- or disaccharides, usually derived from com syrups, molasses, beet extracts, whey, and all kinds of starches. Glucose and sucrose are the potential resources covering a wide range of applications ( er et al., 2010 Martinez et al., 2013). Moreover, the use of nonedible cellulose is escalating, as it is considered to be a key substrate in the chemical industry. 

Characteristic equipment for leaching is shown in Fig. 14.5-1. The soybean oil extractor shown places the flaked soybeans in a shallow layer on a conveyer belt, and washes them with a solvent in cross flow. Sugar-beet extraction is similar sliced beets move countercurrently to water as the sugar is extracted. 

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