Potential Resources

The total world consumption of energy in all forms is only about 300 EJ (300 quads) thus the earth s heat has the potential to supply all energy needs for the foreseeable future (5). Economic considerations, however, may preclude the utilisation of all but a small part of this potential resource. Only a miniscule fraction of this energy supply has been tapped. 

Worldwide reserves of manganese in ore deposits are estimated (ca 1994) at 1.8 x 10 and potential resources are 1.1 x 10 t (11). The world s supply of commercial manganese ore comes from AustraUa, Bra2H, Gabon, and the RepubHc of South Africa. 

Both contamination and pollution entail the perturbation of the natural state of the environment by anthropogenic activity. The two terms are distinguishable by the severity of the effect pollution induces the loss of potential resources. Additionally, a clear cause-effect relationship must be established for a substance to be classified as a pollutant towards a particular organism. 

Potential resources of xylans are by-products produced in forestry and the pulp and paper industries (forest chips, wood meal and shavings), where GX and AGX comprise 25-35% of the biomass as well as annual crops (straw, stalks, husk, hulls, bran, etc.), which consist of 25-50% AX, AGX, GAX, and CHX [4]. New results were reported for xylans isolated from flax fiber [16,68], abaca fiber [69], wheat straw [70,71], sugar beet pulp [21,72], sugarcane bagasse [73], rice straw [74], wheat bran [35,75], and jute bast fiber [18]. Recently, about 39% hemicelluloses were extracted from vetiver grasses [76]. 

Miah MG, Hussain MJ (2003) Homestead agroforestry in Bangladesh Potential resource for the rural households. Paper presented in the first World Congress of Agroforestry, held on 27 June to 02 July 2004, USA, Book of Abstract, p 134... 

Potential resource bases and the economic benefits of using the resource are being determined for unconventional natural gas sources. Numerous assessments have been performed by DOE, the gas industry, and other groups. The ranges of resource estimates from these assessments are summarized below. 

Researchers estimate that known reserves of industrially important transition metals, such as manganese and iron, will be depleted in less than a human lifetime. Scattered about the ocean floor are billions of tonnes of small chunks of rock ranging in diameter from several millimetres to several metres. These nodules, as they are called, consist mainly of manganese and iron oxides, but contain smaller amounts of other transition-metal compounds as well. The ocean floor is designated as international property. Therefore, no single country may claim ownership of this vast potential resource. Write an editorial that outlines your recommendations for how this resource may be shared. 

Danilevsky, N.N., Ivanov, L.S., Kautish, I. and Veriati-Marinescu, F. (1979). Fisheries potential resources (In Russian). In The Principles of Biological Productivity of the Black Sea (K.S. Tracheva and Yu.K. Benko, eds), pp.291-299. Naukova Dumka, Kiev. 

Spectroscopy is also extensively applied to determination of reaction mechanisms and transient intermediates in homogeneous systems (34-37) and at interfaces (38). Spectroscopic theory and methods are integral to the very definition of photochemical reactions, i.e. chemical reactions occurring via molecular excited states (39-42). Photochemical reactions are different in rate, product yield and distribution from thermally induced reactions, even in solution. Surface mediated photochemistry (43) represents a potential resource for the direction of reactions which is multifaceted and barely tapped. One such facet, that of solar-excited electrochemical reactions, has been extensively, but by no means, exhaustively studied under the rubric photoelectrochemistry (PEC) (44-48). 

Since the prices of petroleum products have soared, valorization of natural resources has intensively attracted the attention of researchers in different fields. To fully utilize wood, which is a renewable raw material, one must make better use of its 25-30% lignin content which forms the principal dissolved material in the spent liquor of chemical pulping processes. The annual production of sulfite pulp in Canada is approximately 2.6 million tons (data based on 1979), thus, at least one million tons of lignosulfonate is produced, representing a potential resource of raw material for other uses. However, among 35 sulfite mills in Canada, only two or three of them possess a recovery system for spent liquor, that means a very small portion of lignosulfonate has been recovered. The recovered lignin has been... 

Marine species comprise approximately one-half of total global diversity (estimates range from 3 million to 500 million different species). Therefore, the marine world would appear to offer significant potential resources for novel pharmacological compounds. Unfortunately, much of the literature on marine natural products is characterized by compounds with demonstrable cytotoxicity rather than pharmacological efficacy. 

The potential resources in this region have not yet been fully explored but are probably the greatest which have been discovered up to the present. It has been estimated that there are 1000 million tons available in Morocco.1 This estimate has recently been increased to 3000 million metric tons.2... 

GjOsaeter, J. (1984). Mesopelagic fish, a large potential resource in the Arabian Sea. Deep-Sea Res. 31, 1019-1035. 

Potential resources for hydrogen production are large and are more evenly distributed geographically than current oil resources. In many regions of the world, there are potentially large primary supplies that could supply hydrogen fuel via zero or near-zero emission pathways. These include renewable resources and fossil fuels with nearby sites for carbon sequestration. 

To develop a representation of the work domain of chemical process design the introduced abstraction-decomposition space has been developed [117-119]. The announced abstraction hierarchy or functional means-ends dimension supports knowledge-based reasoning and decision making in terms of functional relationships among the information objects. Each level in the hierarchy represents the goals or ends for the functions of the level below and potential resources or means for the level above. In other words, the AH spans the gap between purpose and material form. 

---