Mixed fatty acids

Mixing fatty acids with fatty bases can dissolve films as the resulting complexes become water-soluble however, in some cases the mixed Langmuir film is stabilized [128]. The application of an electric field to a mixed lipid monolayer can drive phase separation [129]. 

Transesterification of fat triglycerides is the predominant method for manufacture of mixed fatty acid methyl esters, and direct esterification of fatty acids (FA) is practiced if very selective cuts of product, in general as an intermediate detergent range alcohol, are desired. Methyl cocoate is a mobile, oily liquid above 25 °C with a yellow tint and a characteristic fatty pungent odor. FAME sulfonation to FAMES is technically possible but been rarely applied up to now (1990) (Table 13). 

A large volume (11.25 m3) of mixed fatty acids was to be bleached by treatment with successive portions of 50 wt% hydrogen peroxide. 2-Propanol (450 1) was added to the acids (to improve the mutual solubility of the reactants). The first 20 1 portion of peroxide (at 51°C) was added, followed after 1 min by a second portion. Shortly afterwards an explosion occurred, which was attributed to spontaneous ignition of a 2-propanol vapour-oxygen mixture formed above the surface of the liquid. Oxygen is almost invariably evolved from hydrogen peroxide reactions, and volatile flammable solvents are therefore incompatible components in peroxide systems. 

Figure 13.16.4 The molecular structure of the mixed fatty acid palmitodiolein, which is triglyercide of two esters of oleic acid and one of palmitic acid.

It is a mixture of the sodium salts of sulphated fatty alcohols made by reducing the mixed fatty acids of coconut oil or cottonseed oil, and fish oils. Sometimes natural waxes such as spermaceti, wool fat and bees wax are sulphated directly. 

Example Methyl esters of mixed fatty acid may be separated on loose-layer of alumina using suitable solvent-system. 

The composition data obtained for the series of mixed fatty acid-potassium soap systems, prepared by both the ethanol and petroleum ether routes, lend strong support to the formation of 1 to 1 acid-soap complexes. It is of interest to inquire into the phase relationships in these two-component systems. A phase diagram presented by McBain and Field (15) for the lauric acid-potassium laurate system shows that compound formation takes place between the two components at the 1 to 1 molar ratio, but the compound undergoes melting with decomposition at 91.3 °C. [A similar type of phase behavior has been reported by us for the sodium alkyl sulfate-alkyl alcohol (9) and sodium alkyl sulfonate-alkyl alcohol (12) systems, but in these cases the stoichiometry is 2 to 1]. 

Physical and Chemical Constants of the Mixed Fatty Acids of Beef Tallow... 

Lactylic Esters of Fatty Acids occur as liquids to hard, waxy solids. They are mixed fatty acid esters of lactic acid and its polymers, with minor quantities of free lactic acid, polylactic acid, and fatty acids. They are dispersible in hot water and are soluble in organic solvents and in vegetable oils. 

In order to demonstrate the potential of other approaches to quantitation of LB films a series of mixed fatty acid monolayers was prepared in which the... 

The existence of a substance in two or more forms, which are significantly different in physical or chemical properties, is known as polymorphism. The difference between the forms arises firom different modes of molecular packing in the crystal structure of certain triglycerides. Certain pure or mixed fatty acid triglycerides may show as many as five different melting points. Each crystal system has a characteristic melting point, x-ray diffraction pattern, and infrared spectrum. For example, tristearin can exist in three polymorphic forms with melting points of 54.7, 63.2, and 73.5°C. 

Titer is the solidifying point of the mixed fatty acids derived from a sample of fat. Fat is saponified and subsequently acidulated. The layer of mixed fatty acids is separated, washed, dried, and allowed to cool. As the solids begin to separate, the temperature rises due to the liberation of latent heat. The highest temperature reached is taken as the titer. 

Partial synthesis may include synthesizing PC with mixed fatty acids from GPC as the starting material. Other types of phospholipids yield compounds, after deacylation, which have certain functional groups, e.g., amino groups from PE. PI can be manufactured by using the enzyme PL-D, using phospholipids from soy lecithin (75). 

Volatile Acids or Reichert-Meissl Value.—The separation of the volatile from the non-volatile acids is accomplished by distillation of the mixed fatty acids after they have been set free from the saponifica-... 

Titre of mixed fatty acids contained in the soap 30°C (86°F) maximum... 

Gardinol Type Detergents. A mixture of the sodium salts of sulfated fatty alcohols made by reducing the mixed fatty acids of coconut oil or of cottonseed oil, and of fish oils. Sometimes natural waxes such as spermaceti, wool fat, and beeswax are sulfaied directly. The mixture of the sulfated alcohols which goes by the commercial name "lau-ryl alcohol consists of about 15% mixed C, and C1 (octyl and decyl) alcohols. 40% C (lauryl or dodecyl) alcohol, 30% Cl4 (myristyl or tetradecyl) alcohol, and 15% mixed CK and C 8 (cetyl, Stearyl, and oleyl) alcohols. 

Chem. Descrip. Water-reduced alkyd (mixed fatty acids type) in butyl Cellosolve/s-butyl alcohol... 

Indigo carmine. Brilliant blue FCF. coating. A film or thin layer of material that is applied to a base material called the substrate, coco acids. The mixed fatty acids obtained from coconut oil. 

Purified vegetable oil in super dry methanol and 0.5% base catalyst (e.g. sodium methoxide) of the oil are refluxed for h in a reactor under a nitrogen atmosphere. The contents of the reactor are then cooled to room temperature and left overnight. Excess methanol is removed by distillation and the methyl esters are extracted by petroleum ether (bp 60-80)°C, washed with 15% aqueous NaCl solution and dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate. The methyl esters of the mixed fatty acids are purified from the ether by distillation. The product obtained is generally in 100% yield. " ... 

SCFF OF Mixed Fatty Acids and Their Derivatives... 

The mild separation conditions (ambient temperature in tetrahydrofuran) prevent problems with interesterification in mixtures, and separation is complete. However, commercial materials normally contain a mixed fatty-acid component (acids differing in chain length and degree of unsaturation), and there is normally minimal variation beyond a group separation. 

The procedure is employed for two purposes. It separates straight-chain acids from branched-chain or cyclic compounds with the former normally concentrating in the adduct and the latter normally in the mother liquor. It has thus been used to concentrate branched-chain and cyclic acids in natural mixtures particularly when these are present only as trace constituents and to isolate cyclic acids prepared from polyene acids. One report, for example, describes the isolation of cyclic acids produced from linseed oil by high-temperature reaction with alkali in 90-95% yield and 95% purity. Urea fractionation is also used to separate adds or esters of differing unsaturation and is an important step in the isolation of pure oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids from natural sources (Section 4.7). For example, the mixed fatty acids of cod liver oil containing 21% of n — 3 adds (mainly 18 4, 20 5 and 22 6) form an 85% concentrate of these adds (in 25% yield) after a single treatment with urea. 

PGME crystallizes from melt in an a-like crystal form and PGME with mixed fatty acid compositions are not polymorphic. Synthetically produced PGME based on pure fatty acids, however, does show polymorphism (Martin and Lutton, 1965), and racemic propylene glycol-l-monostearate shows four different polymorphic crystal forms, whereas optically active L(+)-propylene glycol-l-monostearate is monomorphic (Stauffer, 1967). 

On an industrial scale all these nitrogen-containing compounds are made from mixed fatty acids of natural origin (e.g. coconut, tallow, tall oil) or from individual acids of technical purity. 

Dann, W.J., and T. Moore. The Absorption Spectra of the Mixed Fatty Acids from Cod-... 

Apricot kernel mixed fatty acids n. These have a mp of 12-14°C an acid value of 194 and an iodine value of 103. 

Cornelio, P.A., GardeUa, J.A. (1990) Quantitative aspects of secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis of pure and mixed fatty acid Langmuir-Blodgett films. J. Vac. Sd. Technol. A, 8,2283-2286. 

Cottonseed oil maltha Mixed fatty acids (oleic acid, linoleic acid, and palm acid) Fatty acid content 50-60 % Products while distilling cottonseed oil 5-10 % liquid soap, mixed with tar oil... 

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