Minerals analysed using

Table II shows the effects of varying dietary levels of zinc on weight gains and on bone calcium and phosphorus levels of young rats at the end of a 4-week experiment. Increases in dietary zinc were associated with significant linear decreases in bone calcium and phosphorus deposition. The bones taken from animals at the time of sacrifice and used for the mineral analyses were very soft in nature and could be easily squeezed with the fingers.

Factor analysis extracts information from the sample data set (e.g., IR spectra) and does not rely on reference minerals. However, because abstract factors have no physical meaning, reference minerals may be needed in target transformations or other procedures to extract mineralogical information. One valuable piece of information obtainable without the use of extraneous data is the number of components required to represent the data within experimental error. Reported applications of factor analysis to mineralogy by FTIR are few (12). However, one commercial laboratory is offering routine FTIR mineral analyses to the petroleum industry, based on related methods (22). 

Malvern waters, analyses of, 1093. Meddoce s researches, 1060-1088. microscopic examination of, 1083,1090. mineral constituents, uses of, lost, mineral waters 1005. 

Identification of Minerals in Coal. Once the low-temperature mineral matter residue has been obtained by radiofrequency ashing, the minerals can be identified, and their concentrations can be determined by a variety of instrumental techniques. The best developed, most inclusive, and probably most reliable method used thus far in distinguishing minerals in coal is x-ray diffraction analysis. It has been used extensively by Gluskoter (15), Wolfe (17), O Gorman and Walker (2), and Rao and Gluskoter (1) and has been somewhat successful in quantifying mineral analyses. 

How do chemical analyses of foods differ from analyses used in chemistry, biochemistry and biology The same methods and techniques are often used only the purpose of the analysis may differ. But foods are to be used by people. Therefore, methodology to determine safety (presence of dangerous microbes, pesticides, and toxicants), acceptability (flavor, odor, color, texture), and nutritional quality (essential vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and lipids) are essential analyses. Current Protocols in Food Analytical Chemistry is designed to meet all these requirements. 

Why Forbes and Nellensteyn did not agree more closely is puzzling. Especially pronounced is the discrepancy in particle size of the minerals. Unquestionably Nellensteyn used material of smaller screen size than Forbes, and presumably his samples had been crushed more thoroughly before extraction. His much higher yields of bitumen on samples 1 (vs. A) and 5 (vs. E) might thus be accounted for. On the other hand, the fair agreement in mineral analyses despite the diflEerences in procedure gives reassurance that such errors as switched samples were not involved. 

Huang, W.H. and Keller, W.D. tion calculated from dissolution data using specific mineral analyses III Clay minerals. Min. 58, 1023-1028 (1973). 

The systematics of sulfur isotopes in mantle xenoliths have been reviewed by Kyser (1990). Most sulfide data have so far been obtained by in situ analyses using SIMS or laser probe and this is less prone to alteration effects than whole-rock analyses. Chaussidon et al. (1989) found that considerable sulfur isotope variation exits in mantle minerals (S S —5 to 8 per mil), which they attributed to fractionation between residual sulfide and the melt during melting. However, it is megacrysts that show most variation in their data set, possibly due to magmatic processes while sulfide from the garnet peridotites has a much more restricted range, of between —1 per mil and - -4 per mil, typical of mantle values. Wilson et al. (1996) found elevated in peridotites from Dish Hill, which they proposed was due to metasomatic introduction of subducted cmstal sulfur. 

Our trace element data base now contains analyses of 586 samples of native copper from deposits throughout the world. However, the sample sources are skewed toward the northern United States, especially the Lake Superior region. Trace elements can be considered as those normally found in concentrations below 100 ppm (i.e., below the 0.01% normally used as the lower limit of standard rock and mineral analyses). Trace elements do not play a major part in the physicochemical reactions that take place in the formation of geologic deposits. They are either concentrated in or dispersed throughout rock, mineral, and ore deposits... 

A random sample of a supplement containing 12 minerals (metals) was analysed using ICP-OES for their concentrations. The elements are listed in Table 7.10 along with the approximate concentration of each element in the tablet. 

Initially an extensive literature search was conducted to identify key world oil shales, i.e., deposits of large size and/or of current interest to potential developers. The resulting information was used to select a few key world oil shales. Thirteen oil shale samples from eight different countries were studied. Samples were acquired from each of the following countries Australia, Brazil, Israel, Sweden, the United States, and Yugoslavia. Two samples were acquired from Morocco and five samples were acquired fr qj the People s Republic of China. Fischer, Ultimate, Rock-Eval, C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR), and X-ray Diffraction Mineral analyses were performed on the samples to identify their compositional characteristics. 

Having demonstrated that ion exchange was at least a possible reaction, it was necessary to demonstrate the other reactions were unlikely. Fifteen representative analyses from different positions in the flow field were evaluated for thermodynamic mineral equilibrium, using SOLMNEQ, a mineral equilibrium program developed by Kharaka and Barnes (1973). These analyses indicate that all common Na minerals were thermodynamically unsaturated. That is, mineral solution could, if the minerals were present, occur, but that mineral precipitation was unlikely. This demonstrates that kinetically-controlled mineral precipitation is not controlling the concentration but this says nothing about the mineral s solution kinetics. However, it has been the author s observation that minerals equilibrium by solution is... 

The concentration of inorganic components in forage crops varies according to crop maturity, temperature, and soil pH and composition. The analyses of mineral content can reveal soil or management deficiencies as well as optimum harvest time for proper crop management. Actual mineral analyses are used to determine the amount of mineral supplementation to be added to an animal ration for proper nutritional balance. Reference methods of analysis include inductively coupled argon plasma (ICP), atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), and x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). These techniques are well established for the analysis of mineral elements in whole-plant material. The exact procedures for sample preparation and analysis are well documented. Copies of the procedures may be obtained from instrument manufacturers or are readily found using basic texts for each analytical technique. 

A natural application for DRIFTS is particulate minerals and fillers because the nature of the surfaces can easily be determined. Chalk-filled PP was analysed using the diffuse reflectance probe because this material is not transparent. A calibration model with 18 samples using three relevant spectral regions (5307-6275, 6838-7505, 7987-8894 cm-i) was developed for quantification of the filler content [139]. The interfaces of various organic coatings (PAA, PMMA, oleic or stearic acid) with ceramic or silica glass surfaces were studied by means... 

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