Mineral deficiency

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the deficiency of iron, zinc, and iodine are the most common nutritional problans, especially among low socioeconomic gronps. 

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The salts have been used for centuries to produce brilliant and permanent blue colors in porcelain, glass, pottery, tiles, and enamels. It is the principal ingredient in Sevre s and Thenard s blue. A solution of the chloride is used as a sympathetic ink. Cobalt carefully used in the form of the chloride, sulfate, acetate, or nitrate has been found effective in correcting a certain mineral deficiency disease in animals. 

Cobalt, copper, molybdenum, iodine, iron, manganese, nickel, selenium, and zinc are sometimes provided to mminants. Mineral deficiency or toxicity in sheep, especially copper and selenium, is a common example of dietary mineral imbalance (21). Other elements may be required for optimal mminant performance (22). ExceUent reviews of trace elements are available (5,22). 

Schaffer B., Larson K.D., Snyder G.H., Sanchez C.A. Identification of mineral deficiencies associated with mango decline by DRIS. Hort Sci 1988 23 617-619. 

Alvim (1) in Costa Rica confirmed in part the studies of Pound (Al), Voelcker (50), and Humphries (22) and found that higher incidence of Cherelle wilt usually occurred after periods of intense growth of the leaf flushes and/or when the rate of growth in trunk diameter decreased or was checked. Spraying the fruits with p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid did not reduce the condition, as reported by Naundorf and Gardner (30). Alvim concluded that Cherelle wilt in Costa Rica is apparently caused by food strain (carbohydrates) or by depression in the mechanism of food translocation, and not by hormonal or mineral deficiencies. 

Clockwise from top left) Plant problems Pea plants stressed by drought and heat leaf yellowing between the veins, a common symptom of mineral deficiency red currant bush with most of its leaves stripped to skeletons by the pest gooseberry sawfly the fungal disease potato blight... 

Mineral deficiencies can cause plants to fail and show symptoms of "disease" (technically disorder), but in a well-ordered organic... 

Occasionally, especially In alkaline soil, trace elements, although present, may not be soluble due to the high pH, and are therefore unavailable to the plant. On these occasions, additional supplies might be needed (see pp.54-55). Mineral deficiencies can also be caused by too much of another element overdo potassium-rich fertilizers, for example, and you may "lock up" magnesium so that plants develop symptoms of magnesium deficiency. 

Mottling, marking, and even crisping of leaves can all be the result of mineral deficiencies. Fruits may also spoil and wither. However, mineral deficiencies are often difficult to confirm from symptoms alone and can easily be confused with diseases, especially viruses. If a problem persists, it may be necessary to have the soil analyzed professionally (see also The Soil, p.30). 

Certain problems with vegetables are caused by bad cultural practice or mineral deficiencies in the soil. Bolting happens when plants go to seed prematurely and is caused by drying out,... 

Mineral deficiencies are not uncommon and can have quite a variety of causes—e. g., an unbalanced diet, resorption disturbances, and diseases. Calcium deficiency can lead to rickets, osteoporosis, and other disturbances. Chloride deficiency is observed as a result of severe Cr losses due to vomiting. Due to the low content of iodine in food in many regions of central Europe, iodine deficiency is widespread there and can lead to goiter. Magnesium deficiency can be caused by digestive disorders or an unbalanced diet—e.g., in alcoholism. Trace element deficiencies often result in a disturbed blood picture—i. e., forms of anemia. 

Abuse/Dependency Chronic use of laxatives, particularly stimulants, may lead to laxative dependency, which in turn may result in fluid and electrolyte imbalances, steatorrhea, osteomalacia, vitamin and mineral deficiencies, and a poorly functioning colon. Also known as laxative abuse syndrome (LAS), it is difficult to diagnose. Cathartic colon Cathartic colon, a poorly functioning colon, results from the chronic abuse of stimulant cathartics. 

UNICEF (2004). Micronutrient Initiative Vitamin and Mineral Deficiency, A Global Progress Report. In "Micronutrient Initiative". UNICEF (The United Nations Children s Fund. 

B. N. Ames and P. Wakimoto, Are Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies a Major Cancer Risk Nature Rev. Cancer 2 (2002) 694-704. 

People with diets deficient in fruits and vegetables generally have vitamin and mineral deficiencies. The findings summarized in Table 4, which associate higher cancer rates with such diets, underline the importance of fruits and vegetables and the vitamins and minerals they contain in cancer prevention. 

Deficiencies of available phosphorus in soils are a major cause of limited crop production. Phosphorus deficiency is regarded by some authorities as the most critical mineral deficiency in grazing livestock. 

PHOSPHORUS (In Biological Systems). Phosphorus is required by every living plant and animal cell. Deficiencies of available phosphorus in soils are a major cause of limited crop production, Phosphorus deficiency is probably the most critical mineral deficiency in grazing livestock. Phosphorus, as orthophosphate or as the phosphoric acid ester of organic compounds, has many functions in the animal body. As such, phosphorus is an essential dietary nutrient. 

Hewitt, E.J. Tatham, P. (1960). Interaction of mineral deficiency and nitrogen source on acid phosphatase activity in leaf extracts. Journal of Experimental Botany 11, 367-76. 

Acid is important in releasing vitamin B12 from food. A minor reduction in oral cyanocobalamin absorption occurs during proton pump inhibition, potentially leading to subnormal Bi2 levels with prolonged therapy. Acid also promotes absorption of food-bound minerals (iron, calcium, zinc) however, no mineral deficiencies have been reported with proton pump inhibitor therapy. 

Health of the stock may be compromised because of the restrictions on treatments for disease outbreaks. Also a strict adherence to a policy of no synthetic feed supplements is likely to lead to instances of vitamin and trace mineral deficiencies. Reliance on forage and sunlight to provide all of the required vitamins and minerals is not supported by scientific evidence. 

The Role of Abscisic Acid as a Stress Hormone. The role of ABA in water stress has been studied most extensively, although there is also evidence for involvement of ABA in other stresses such as salinity, mineral deficiency, high osmotic concentration, and water-logging. A review on the role of ABA in stress phenomena has appeared recently (18). 

In view of the increasing ecological concern and crop production requirements, future research should be directed to understanding the role of plant growth substances in controlling or modifying 1) radiation effects, 2) mineral deficiences,... 

MCS is characterized by different phases and many different symptoms. Chronic fatigue is a symptom of MCS. It s also common for patients with fibromyalgia and CFS to be chemically sensitive. Chronic exhaustion along with MCS can have many causes small infections in the body, a yeast infection, sensitivity to electro smog, vitamin or mineral deficiency and, of course, chemical sensitivity. If the consistent avoidance of chemical substances does not bring about improvement, it s advisable to start researching other possible causes and to have yourself tested for a possible imbalance in vitamins, minerals and amino acids. 

In Japan, where mineral deficiency can be a nutritional problem, the beneficial effects of fructooligosaccharides on calcium absorption have been recognized in the labeling on dietary supplements since 1999 (Hidaka et al., 2001). 

As important as studying these inhibitors significance in a mineral deficiency situation it might be to determine these components value as protecting factors in toxic conditions. 

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