Mining overburden

Mining overburden. After an area of a surface mine has been depleted, it is common practice to return to the mine the earth and rocks (overburden) that were removed to gain access to ore deposits. When the material is returned to the mine site, it is not a hazardous waste under RCRA. 

Spotts, E. and D. J. Dollhopf. 1992. Evaluation of phosphate materials for control of acid production in pyritic mine overburden. J. Environ. Qual. 21 627-634. 

Surface charging of complex and/or ill-defined natural materials was studied in [2939] (anthracites), [2940,2941] (coal), [531,662,2942-2948] (soils), [2949] (china clay), [2950,2951] (complex clays), [2952] (chromite mine overburden), [2953] (sawdust and sawdust-derived ion exchanger), [2954] (natural red earth). 

Mohapatra. M. and Anand, S., Studies on sorption of Cd(II) on Tata chromite mine overburden../. Hazardous Mater, 148, 553, 2007. 

Jarosite Sulfates Add sulfate soils mine overburden, coastal wetlands C Product of pyrite oxidation resulting in large production of acidity and toxic metals... 

Desen Zhao. 2000. Study on mining overburden bed-separation distribution law and surface subsidence control. Fuxin Liaoning technical university, 15. 

Lun Yang. 2002. Rediscovery on technology of grouting into mining overburden bed-separation to reduce subsidence. Journal of Coal Science Engineering 27(4) 352-356. 

Weijia Guo Guanghan Shen. 1995. Study on movement deformation and control of mining overburden in HuaFeng mine. Journal of Shandong Mining Institute. 14(4) 359-364. 

Weijia Guo et al. 1995. Study on feature of mining overburden bed-separation and law of bed-separation. Journal of Coal Science Engineering 20(1) 39-44. 

One operation in Florida does not use draglines to remove overburden or mine the ore. The Wingate Creek Mine in Manatee County uses one dredge to mine overburden and another to remove ore, which is pumped to the beneficiation plant. 

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