Military technique

Electronics and electrotechnique are considered as promising areas of application of liquid-crystal polymers. In electronics, however, liquid-crystal polymers meet acute competition from cheaper epoxide resins and polysulfone. Another possible areas of using high-heat-resistant liquid crystal polymers are avia, space and military technique, fiber optics (cover of optical cable and so on), auto industry and film production. 

This technique, widely used in U.S. plants during World War II, helped to ensure rehabihty and performance of military supphes. Once the war ended, SPG lost favor. However, in the face of rising Japanese product quahty, SPG was reintroduced. In the chemical industry the use of SPG continues to grow in popularity as a key element of an ongoing continuous improvement. 

This technique is the longest established of all the human reliability quantification methods. It was developed by Dr. A. D. Swain in the late 1960s, originally in the context of military applications. It was subsequently developed further in the nuclear power industry. A comprehensive description of the method and the database used in its application, is contained in Swain and Guttmann (1983). Further developments are described in Swain (1987). The THERP approach is probably the most widely applied quantification technique. This is due to the fact that it provides its own database and uses methods such as event trees which are readily familiar to the engineering risk analyst. The most extensive application of THERP has been in nuclear power, but it has also been used in the military, chemical processing, transport, and other industries. 

The USA Military Specification (Ref 14) contains the following requirements and criteria (1) a pre-production sample must meet the Spec requirements, (2) silicon monoxide shall be of a high purity grade, (3) chemical compn as detd by the powder—D-C arc semiquantitative technique... 

The U.S. 3.5" high explosive antitank rocket (or similar rockets used by other modem military forces) can be cannibalized or altered and used in a variety of improvised techniques. It can be placed as a shaped charge or land mine or it can be launched either electrically or nonelectrically without use of the rocket launcher. Such improvised firing offers the advantages of rigging the rocket as a booby trap or, at least, permitting the operator to be well out of the area before the rocket fires. 

United States Military Joint Chiefs of Staff. Joint Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Mortuary Affairs in Joint Operations, Joint Publication No. 4-06. Washington, DC Government Printing Office, August 1996. 

This second edition features in-depth coverage of actual response techniques and new approaches for coping with critical situations caused by criminal activity, industrial accidents, or even mini-epidemics. Augmenting its coverage of field first aid for response personnel, this edition contains up-to-date tools such as checklists and streamlined procedures for on-scene coordination. It incorporates the latest detection devices, cost/recovery and hazard analyses, diagnostic methods, pretreatments, vaccines, decontamination techniques, antidotes, and medical treatments available. This edition also adds a focused review of the progress and projected developments for military protocols and procedures. 

It is already over two decades since the first concepts of the use of fiber optic techniques for sensor purposes were discussed. The initial drive for the development of fiber optic sensors came from their potential use in military and aerospace applications where the cost factors of the introduction of new technology were less rigid and the working environment more hostile than is experienced with other areas of application. 

Plastic explosives contain one or more of the explosives listed above, moulded in an inert, flexible binder. Because powders do not readily hold a shape and TNT is the only common melt-castable explosive, most of the explosive powders (RDX, HMX, PETN, 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB)) are plasticized to make a mouldable material, for example, C-4, Semtex H, PE4, sheet explosive. A variety of plasticizers are added, but the maximum level is usually 10-15% because most plasticizers are inert and would degrade explosive output. Plastic explosives were originally developed for convenient use in military demolitions but have since been widely used in terrorist bombs. For detection techniques that rely on vapour signatures, such as canine olfaction, it is worth considering that the plasticizer is much more volatile than the explosive component. 

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