Mildew derivative

Miller, J.F. and Gulya, T.J., Inheritance of resistance to race 4 of downy mildew derived from interspecific crosses in sunflower, Crop Sci., 31, 40-43, 1991. 

Profiling of wheat class III peroxidases genes derived from powdery mildew-attacked epidermis reveals distinct sequence-associated expression patterns / / Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions. V. 18. P. 730-741. 

Basic copper sulfate, copper oxychloride sulfate and derivations of these products are used to control mildews, rots, blight and leafspots on many crops. These can be effective but may also damage plants. 

Because benzanilides exhibit fungicidal activity 38) and anthranilic acid esters have fungicidal and bactericidal activities 39,40), Kirino et al. attempted to derive a new class of fungicides from those having a hybrid structure, methyl N-(substituted benzoyl)anthranilates 41. Among various derivatives, m-substituted compounds (19) were shown to exhibit appreciable preventive activity against powdery mildew of cucumber. 

The ubiquitous plant compound chlorogenic acid (isolated from green coffee beans) is formed by transesterification with the glycoside cinnamoyl-glucose.187 Coumaroyl-CoA is converted into monomeric and dimeric amides with agmatine, which provides barley plants with resistance to mildew.188 Similar compounds with various polyamines and derived from p-coumaric, caffeic, ferulic, or sinapic acid appear to... 

Triazole derivatives of the dichlobutrazole and paclobutrazole types are closely related chemically to the triazolyl-0,N-acetals previously mentioned. The oxygen atom of the acetal function was merely replaced by a methylene group. Dichlobutrazole (ICI) was developed for the control of powdery mildew, rust and scab in cereals. Paclobutrazole is under development as a growth regulator. 

Some pyrazino[2,3-pyridazine derivatives show a preventive effect against cucumber powdery mildew. Unfortunately, none show a curative effect <89MI 719-01). l-Hydrazinopyridazine[4,5- ]qui-noxaline (103) shows an antihypertensive activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats and a hypotensive activity in normotensive anaesthetized rats <84JHC1271>. Some pyridazinoquinoxalines (104) are used as food additives and growth accelerators for pigs <80FRP2487352>. 

Jean-Denis, J. B., Pezet, R., Xabacchi, R. (2006). Rapid analysis of stilbenes and derivatives from downy mildew-infected grapevine leaves by Liquid Chromatography-Atmospheric Pressure Photoionisation Mass Spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A, 1112, 263-268. 

RESi (v). Derived from Clivia ripening end of September, yield medium to high, early-bearing fruit small to medium size, three-quarter red colour (mottled to striped), flavour quality medium growth weak to semi-vigorous Vj scab resistant, little mildew storage life in cold storage until March. 

CNC Antistat 4 is a metallic salt derivative designed to produce mildew and rot resistance on textiles. It Is nonvolatile and does not contain phenol iodine or mercurials. 

The first member of this group, chloranil, was first used as a fungicide in 1938. It was found to be useful as a seed protectant and foliage fungicide for downey mildew. The more popular, related derivative known as dichlone was used on a number of fruit and vegetable crops and for the control of blue-green alge in ponds. 

An example of the simultaneous anti-powdery mildew and acaricidal action is the biological effect of 6-methyl-2,3-quinoxalinedithiol cyclic carbonate (oxythio-quinox, 30) and of the related 2,3-quinoxalinediyl cyclic trithiocarbonate (thioquinox, 31), introduced originally as fungicides against powdery mildew and discussed already under the heading fungicides. These compounds were developed by research workers of the Bayer Co. in the course of their study of the acylated derivatives of 2,3-dimercaptoquinoxaline (Sasse et ai, 1958 19 Basse, 1960). 

Of the alkylmercury compounds, N-alkylmercury-3,4,5,6,7,7-hexachloro-3,6-en o-methano-l,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalimide derivatives can be used as foliage fungicides as well as seed-dressings (Kleiman, 19S2). They are fungicides with eradicative and protective activity, particularly against powdery mildews and Venturia spp. The methyl (MEMMI, 5) and ethyl derivatives are known. These compounds are readily soluble in water and are not volatile. 

The technical products is not a uniform compound. Intensive investigations showed it to be actually a mixture of 6 isomeric compounds. According to Kirby et al. (1964 and 1966), 2,4-dinitro-6-isooctylphenyl crotonate is the carrier of acaricidic and phytotoxic activity, while 2,6-dinitro-4-isooctylphenyl crotonate is the most effective component against powdery mildew (Pianka and Sweet, 1968). Both derivatives may have 3 isomers, depending on the nature of the isooctyl chain ... 

Starting from the hypothesis that azo compounds with an ability to form active carbonium ions in vivo are biologically active, Biichel et al. (1972,1975) synthesised several derivatives of 1-trityl azoles. They established in extensive research work that the derivatives particularly active are those which contain only one substituent in one of the phenol rings, and in which the azole ring remains unsubstituted. This led to the very active antimycotic clotrimazole (see Section 5.7.1), which nowadays plays an important role in the local therapy of human mycoses, and to fluo-trimazole, of specific activity against powdery mildews. 

Of this biologically very effective group, the carbonic acid derivatives of 2,3-dithioquinoxaline have proved to be the most active (Sasse et al.. 1960). The active compounds first became known as excellent acaricides (Unterstenhdfer, 1960 Sasse, 1960) because they were also effective against acarus species resistant to phosphoric compounds. At the same time, they have the valuable property of being toxic to powdery mildew fungi. 

The N-cycloaliphatic derivatives of tetrahydro-l,4-oxazine (morpholine) or those with a long-chain alkyl groups are good specific fungicides against powdery mildew fungi (cereals, cucumbers, apples, roses, etc.) (Pommer and Kradel, 1967). 

Buthiobate (S-1358) is a dithiocarbonic acid derivative which is very toxic to powdery mildew fungi (22). The fungicide, butyl 4-r-butylbenzyl-N-(3-pyridyl)-dithiocarbonimidate, has an excellent preventive and curative effect against the powdery mildew fungi of many agricultural and horticultural plants (Kato et al.,... 

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