Mildew control

The almost exclusive use of tria2oles foi ceieal powdery mildew control up to the mid-1980s has resulted in a shift in E.Tysiphe populations toward reduced sensitivity or resistance to this class of fungicides. However, use has continued because field performance of most tria2oles has remained adequate (43). Decreased a2ole sensitivity in the population to a2oles has also been noted. 

Calcium Hypochlorite. High assay calcium hypochlorite [7778-54-3] was first commercialized in the United States in 1928 by Mathieson Alkali Works, Inc. (now Olin Corp.) under the trade name HTH. It is now produced by two additional manufacturers in North America (Table 5). Historically, it usually contained about 1% water and 70—74% av CI2, so-called anhydrous product, but in 1970, a hydrated product was introduced (234). It is similar in composition to anhydrous Ca(OCl)2 except for its higher water content of about 6—12% and a slightly lower available chlorine content. This product has improved resistance to accidental initiation of self-sustained decomposition by a Ht match, a Ht cigarette, or a small amount of organic contamination. U.S. production in the 1990s consists primarily of partially hydrated Ca(OCl)2, which is sold as a 65% av CI2 product mainly for swimming pool use. Calcium hypochlorite is also sold as a 50% av CI2 product as a sanitizer used by dairy and food industries and in the home, and as a 32% product for mildew control. 

Dlchlorobenzene Deodorant, mold and mildew control. Air fresheners/deodorizeis, toilet bowl and waste can deodorizers, moth balls and mothflakes. 018 Inadequate data... 

The activity of Of-carbon alkyl and cycloalkyl substitutions is presented in Table III. These data indicate that the or,Of-dicyclohexyl moiety is very active against bean powdery mildew. Further, the data indicate that the a-cycloalkyl-or-phenyl moieties are not only superior to a-alkyl-a-phenyl substitutions for powdery mildew control, but that they also confer some activity against cucumber anthracnose. Based on these and other data, the a,a-diphenyl substitution was considered to be the best choice. 

Table VI. Long-term on Winter Wheat Results of Mildew Control 1975/76 to 1980/81. ...

Foliar sprays require application during the growing season. An alternative would be seed treatment with a long-term systemic fungicide that could be applied at planting. Such a material is currently being tested. Triadimenol (Baytan), (8-(4-Chlorophenoxy)-a-(l, 1-dime-thylethyl)-lH-l,2,4-triazole-l-ethanol), when applied as a seed treatment, will provide control of powdery mildew on wheat into mid-season. In most years, this would preclude the need for foliar sprays for powdery mildew control, but does not provide a solution for control of Septoria leaf blotch or late season leaf rust. 

Table IV. Comparison of Sulfur and Bayleton Powdery Mildew Control Programs in the Eastern United States and California...

Sulphur chemicals (3 kg/ha) are used for control of mildew. Control must start at the green-redbud stage and continue until the end of shoot production. 

In scab and mildew control, care must he taken to ensure that the number of times the trees are sprayed with sulphur-based fungicides and the average quantities per hectare are kept as low as possible. 

Heads with black spots on surfoce. Cause Downy mildew. Control this fungal disease by spraying plants with a baking-soda-and-soap spray (1 teaspoon baking soda, 1 teaspoon liquid dish soap, 1 quart water) or copper at the first sign of disease. Repeat weekly if weather is wet. Prevent problems by planting Cloud Nine , which is somewhat tolerant of downy mildew. 

Use Disinfectant, cleanser and sterilizer, cosmetics (deodorants, dandruff removers, emulsion stabilizers), fungicides, mildew control, to increase affinity of dyes for film in photography, coating of pigment particles to improve dispersibility, to increase adhesion of road dressings and paints, antistatic additive, biocide. 

Santochlor [Solutia]. (p-dichlorobenzene). CAS 106-46-7. TM for moth- and mildew-control agents. 

Woodtreat C8. [Kop-Coat] Cqpper-8-quinolinolate sol ns. mold, stain, and mildew control for wood. 

Paradichlorohenzenes Irritates eyes, nose, central nervous system. Also found in mildew control sprays, room deodorizers. 

Products and Uses Utilized as an aerating agent, gas refrigerant, and spray propellant in cosmetics, after-shave lotions, deodorants, hair colorings, hair curling products, dandruff removers, and detergents. Used as a disinfectant, cleanser, sterilizer, for fungicide and mildew control, and others. 

Interestingly, the 8-chloro analogues of LY-186054 (18) showed diminished powdery mildew control yet were active against botrytis and other commercially interesting species of fungi. This shift in the biological profile is based on their different MO A 8-haloquinolines are known inhibitors of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase [65]. 

Metrafenone was first launched in the UK in 2004 to control powdery mildew in wheat and barley [18]. Subsequently, registrations for use in field crops have been granted in the Netherlands and in Germany as well as for powdery mildew control in grapes in Germany [21-23]. BASF expects to receive further registrations... 

Uses Fungicide for mildew control in adhesive films, interior/exterior paint films, paper and paperboard prods, (for nonfood use such as soap wrappers), hard surfaces, and natural and syn. fibers such as canvas textiles and nylon carpels... 

The Discovery of Proquinazid A New and Potent Powdery Mildew Control Agent... 

Widespread use of commercial fimgicides for powdery mildew control has generally been accompanied widi the onset of resistance or reduced pathogen sensitivity. In an on-going effort to combat this problem, the crop protection industry remains committed to finding new products with novel modes-of-action for the mmicetplace. 

Pyridopyrimidinones, quinazolinones and thienopyrimidinones were all evaluated in the field for powdery mildew control on wheat. Field candidates were applied early in the season as protectants (before substantial presence of the disease). Table 6 shows field efficacy of several substituted pyridopyrimidinones. Although highly active in greenhouse tests, these analogs were less effective than standards, e.g. flusilazole, under field conditions with only moderate levels of mildew control observed at 250-125 g/ha. 

Field activity of substituted quinazolinones, which generally had good photostability, is summarized in Table 7. Unlike pyridopyrimidinones, quinazolinones maintained very high activity under field conditions giving outstanding mildew control at 50-125 g/ha. Iodine analogs had optimum... 

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