Microbial colonization

MIC depends on the complex structure of corrosion products and passive films on metal surfaces as well as on the structure of the biofilm. Unfortunately, electrochemical methods have sometimes been used in complex electrolytes, such as microbiological culture media, where the characteristics and properties of passive films and MIC deposits are quite active and not fully understood. It must be kept in mind that microbial colonization of passive metals can drastically change their resistance to film breakdown by causing localized changes in the type, concentration, and thickness of anions, pH, oxygen gradients, and inhibitor levels at the metal surface during the course of a... 

In this chapter we review the current literature available on the influence of root exudates on rhizosphere microbial populations and the effects of plant, microbial and soil factors on the processes of rhizodeposition and microbial colonization and activity. We first give a brief overview and definitions of some of the main concepts relating to the rhizosphere and rhizodeposition. 

Root exudation and microbial colonization have both been shown to change with plant age and stage of development. The quantity of both proteins (54) and carbohydrates (55) released by herbaceous plants has been shown to decrease with increasing plant age. Liljeroth and Baath (56) found bacterial abundance on the... 

Iron uptake by bacteria at sites of lateral root emergence has been further confirmed using another technique employing 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-l,3-diazole-desferrioxamine B, which is a derivitized siderophore that becomes fluorescent after it is deferrated (78). In this case, iron uptake from the siderophore ferrox-amine B was a.ssociated primarily with microbially colonized roots, but both plant and iron uptake from this chelate occurred in the regions just behind the root tips. 

D. A. Klein, J. L. Salzwedel, and F. B. Dazzo, Microbial colonization of plant roots. Biotechnology of Plant-Microbe Interactions (J. P. Nakas and C. Hagedorn, eds.), McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, New York, 1990. 

Differentiate between microbial colonization and infection based on patient history, physical examination, and laboratory and culture results. 

Conrad R, Klose M, Noll M, Kemnitz D, Bodelier PLE. Soil type links microbial colonization of rice roots to methane emissions. Glob. Change Biol. 2008 14 657-669. 

The biosphere includes ecological niches where microbes peacefully co-exist with their eukaryotic host in the human this includes the concept of the micro-biome [14], which is defined as the totality of microbial organisms that co-habit with human beings. On the other hand, microbial colonization of human mucosal surfaces or prosthetic devices, often results in the development of biofilms, with significant deleterious effects on human health [15]. These are some of the challenges in infectious diseases that reflect the need to maximally utilize genomic sequence information and related sciences to better control microbial disease in human populations, and to develop anti-microbial agents with a better therapeutic index. 

Mahon, G.A.T., Green, M.H.L., Middleton, B., Mitchell, I.DeG., Robinson, W.D. and Tweats, D.J. (1989). Analysis of data from microbial colon assays. In Statistical Evaluation of Mutagenicity Test Data (Kirkland, D.J., Ed.). Cambridge University Press, pp. 26-65. 

Steinberg PD, Schneider R, Kjelleberg S (1997) Chemical defenses of seaweeds against microbial colonization. Biodegradation 8 211-220... 

Sanchez, J. M., Arijo, S., Munoz, M. A., Morinigo, M. A. and Borrego, J. J. (1994) Microbial colonization of different support materials used to enhance the methanogenic process. Appl. Microbiol. BiotechnoL, 41, 480-6. 

The scheme proposed above requires microbial colonization of the material and excludes degradation by amylases and cellulases that are present in soils (28), but are not newly synthesized or associated with microbial cells. Active polysaccharide hydrolases are found in nearly all soils, but these enzymes are primarily bound to soil organic matter or mineral components attachment is firm enough to severely limit migration of the enzymes from surrounding soil to the film. 

Specific Diffusion-based Limitations to Decay. If microbial colonization is confined to the surface of materials, the decay rate will inevitably be lower than seen where proximity between substrate and microbial cells is possible because enzymes produced by the cell and soluble products formed by enzymatic attack must diffuse a considerable distance. For example, if closer contact between the starch face and fungus were possible than seen in Figure 2, uptake of starch digestion products would occur at the growing tip and translocation within the mycelium by active transport would be possible. This... 

Sydora, B. C., Tavemini, M. M., Wessler, A., Jewell, L. D., and Fedorak, R. N. (2003). Lack of interleukin-10 leads to intestinal inflammation, independent of the time at which luminal microbial colonization occurs. Inflamm. Bowel Dis. 9, 87-97. 

Microbial colonization Reduced Near adult Adult pattern... 

Localized release of root exudates in apical root zones with a low density of microbial colonization and secretion peaks over a limited period of time may counteract rapid microbial degradation and thereby increase the rhizosphere concentrations of exudated compounds for mobilization of nutrients (Romheld, 1991). 

Bowen, G.D., Rovira, A.D. Microbial colonization of plant roots. Annu Rev Phytopathol 1976 14 121-44. 

Willcox MDP, Hume EBH, Aliwarga Y et al. (2008) A novel cationic-peptide coating for the prevention of microbial colonization on contact lenses. J Appl Microbiol 105 1817-1825... 

Biofilms are important for several reasons not the least of which are biocorrosion, reduced water quality and foci for the contamination of hygienic products [154-156]. Microbial colonization is also favoured on implanted biomaterials and medical devices resulting in increased infection rates and possible recurrence of infection [150],... 

Microbial colonization of bare rock surfaces represents the initial stage of all land (terrestrial) successions. 

After colonization and growth, one major fate of fungal biomass includes the production of conidia that are carried downstream. Conidia may provide an inoculum for leaves entering the stream, may be captured by filter-feeding invertebrates or may undergo decomposition by bacteria. Fungal biomass within leaf litter also serves as an important food resource for detritivores that consume leaf detritus. Microbially colonized detritus... 

Kirchner, M. (1995). Microbial colonization of copepod body surfaces and chitin degradation in the sea. Helgolander Meeresuntersuchingen, 49, 201-212. 

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