Methyl dichloride

Fig. 3. Haptens and multivalent antigens prepared in this syudy. The viologen derivative, 4,4 -bipyridinium, l-(carboxypentyl)-l -methyl-dichloride (1), divalent antigen 2, and trivalent antigen 3. Anti-porphyrin antibodies were elicited for [5-(4-carboxyphenyl)-10,15,20-tris-(4-methylpyridyl)]porphine (3MPylC) or meso-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphine (TCPP). meso-Tetrakis(4-methylpyridyl)porphine (TMPyP) was used to investigate the specificity of the antibody dendrimer for porphyrins...

Chemical Name Isoquinolinium, 2,2 -((l,8-dioxo-4-octene-l,8-diyl)bis(oxy-3,l-propanediyl))bis(l,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6,7-dimethoxy-2-methyl-l-((3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)methyl)-, dichloride, (R-(R, R -(E)))-... 

Chemical Name Pyridinium, l,l -(oxybis(methylene))bis(4-(hydroxyimino)methyl)-, dichloride... 

Methyl monochloride is obtained by the interaction of phosphorus thiotrichloride with methyl alcohol. This forms O-methyldichlorothiophosphate (methyl dichloride) according to the reaction ... 

The production of methylmercaptophos comprises the following main stages the production of O-methyldichlorothiophosphate (methyl dichloride) the production of 0,0-dimethylchlorothiophosphate (methyl monochloride) the synthesis and rectification of ethyl mercaptan the syn-... 

Preparation of methyl dichloride. The preparation of methyl dichloride is carried out in reactor 1 (Fig. 110). 

Methyl dichloride is obtained by the interaction of phosphorus thiotri-chloride with methyl alcohol. The process is carried out in an excess of alcohol (2 moles of CH3OH per 1 mole of PSCI3), which serves to absorb released hydrogen chloride. Phosphorus thiotrichloride from batch box 2 and methyl alcohol from batch box 3 are pumped with batching pumps through siphons into reactor 1. The synthesis occurs when the components are fed simultaneously at 0-5 °C. To withdraw the heat and maintain the temperature in reactor 1, the coil and jacket of the reactor are filled with -15 °C salt solution. The products of the reaction, which include dichloride, unreacted... 

Preparation of methyl monochloride. Methyl monochloride is synthesised in reactor 10 (see Fig. 110), which is made of stainless steel and has a propeller agitator, a jacket and a coil. Methyl dichloride is sent from batch box 9 by compressed nitrogen into reactor 10 and is cooled there to 0 °C by sending -15 °C salt solution into the coil and the jacket of the apparatus. Then, reactor 10 is filled at agitation with a necessary amount of methyl alcohol from batch box 11. After mixing dichloride and methyl alcohol, the temperature in reactor 10 is brought to 0 °C at this temperature and agitation the apparatus receives metered amounts of 40-42% solution of sodium hydroxide from batch box 12. 

Hydrolysis of ethyl 4-methyl-2,5-thiazole dicarboxylate (9) or dicar-boxylic acid dichloride gives an excellent yield of 4-methyl-5 thiazole carboxylic acid (10) instead of the dicarboxylic acid (Scheme 6). This lability is a general Property of 2-thiazolecarboxylic acids. 

Boon has observed that when 2,4-dimethyl-5-thiazolecarboxylic acid (22) is heated with an excess of thionyl chloride, the main product (76%) is 4-methyl-2,5-thiazoledicarboxylic acid dichloride (23) (Scheme 14 (7). 

Alkyltin Intermedia.tes, For the most part, organotin stabilizers are produced commercially from the respective alkyl tin chloride intermediates. There are several processes used to manufacture these intermediates. The desired ratio of monoalkyl tin trichloride to dialkyltin dichloride is generally achieved by a redistribution reaction involving a second-step reaction with stannic chloride (tin(IV) chloride). By far, the most easily synthesized alkyltin chloride intermediates are the methyltin chlorides because methyl chloride reacts directiy with tin metal in the presence of a catalyst to form dimethyl tin dichloride cleanly in high yields (21). Coaddition of stannic chloride to the reactor leads directiy to almost any desired mixture of mono- and dimethyl tin chloride intermediates ... 

Solvent Treatment. Solvent processes can be divided into two main categories, solvent extraction and solvent dewaxing. The solvent used in the extraction processes include propane and cresyHc acid, 2,2 -dichlorodiethyl ether, phenol (qv), furfural, sulfur dioxide, benzene, and nitrobenzene. In the dewaxing process (28), the principal solvents are benzene, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, propane, petroleum naphtha, ethylene dichloride, methylene chloride, sulfur dioxide, and iV-methylpyrroHdinone. 

Solvents used for dewaxing are naphtha, propane, sulfur dioxide, acetone—benzene, trichloroethylene, ethylenedichloride—benzene (Barisol), methyl ethyl ketone—benzene (benzol), methyl -butyl ketone, and methyl / -propyl ketone. Other solvents in commercial use for dewaxing include /V-methylpyrrolidinone, MEK—MIBK (methyl isobutyl ketone), dichloroethane—methylene dichloride, and propfyene—acetone. 

Methylphenol is converted to 6-/ f2 -butyl-2-methylphenol [2219-82-1] by alkylation with isobutylene under aluminum catalysis. A number of phenoHc anti-oxidants used to stabilize mbber and plastics against thermal oxidative degradation are based on this compound. The condensation of 6-/ f2 -butyl-2-methylphenol with formaldehyde yields 4,4 -methylenebis(2-methyl-6-/ f2 butylphenol) [96-65-17, reaction with sulfur dichloride yields 4,4 -thiobis(2-methyl-6-/ f2 butylphenol) [96-66-2] and reaction with methyl acrylate under base catalysis yields the corresponding hydrocinnamate. Transesterification of the hydrocinnamate with triethylene glycol yields triethylene glycol-bis[3-(3-/ f2 -butyl-5-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate] [36443-68-2] (39). 2-Methylphenol is also a component of cresyHc acids, blends of phenol, cresols, and xylenols. CresyHc acids are used as solvents in a number of coating appHcations (see Table 3). 

Trimethyl aluminum and propylene oxide form a mixture of 2-methyl-1-propanol and 2-butanol (105). Triethyl aluminum yields products of 2-methyl-1-butanol and 2-pentanol (106). The ratio of products is determined by the ratio of reactants. Hydrolysis of the products of methyl aluminum dichloride and propylene oxide results ia 2-methylpropeae and 2-butene, with elimination of methane (105). Numerous other nucleophilic (107) and electrophilic (108) reactions of propylene oxide have been described ia the Hterature. 

Many organic hahdes, especially alkyl bromides and iodides, react direcdy with tin metal at elevated temperatures (>150° C). Methyl chloride reacts with molten tin metal, giving good yields of dimethyl tin dichloride, which is an important intermediate in the manufacture of dimethyl tin-ha sed PVC stabilizers. The presence of catalytic metallic impurities, eg, copper and zinc, is necessary to achieve optimum yields (108) ... 

This can be circumvented by choosing alkyl groups with no P H, eg, methyl, neopentyl, trimethylsilylmethyl, phenyl and other aryl groups, and benzyl. The linear transition state for -elimination can also be made stericaHy impossible. The most successful technique for stabilization combines both principles. The pentahaptocyclopentadienyl ring anion (Cp) has six TT-electrons available to share with titanium. Biscyclopentadienyltitanium dichloride... 

Reaction of HOCl, formed from calcium hypochlorite and CO2, with highly substituted alkenes in CH2CI2 is a convenient route to aHyUc chlorides (111). Ketones are chlorinated to a-chloroketones by reaction with HOCl Acetone initially gives CH2COCH2CI (112). Methyl ethyl ketone gives 78% CH3CHCICOCH3, 15% CH3CH2COCH2CI, and 7% dichlorides (113). 

Chlorination of various hydrocarbon feedstocks produces many usehil chlorinated solvents, intermediates, and chemical products. The chlorinated derivatives provide a primary method of upgrading the value of industrial chlorine. The principal chlorinated hydrocarbons produced industrially include chloromethane (methyl chloride), dichloromethane (methylene chloride), trichloromethane (chloroform), tetrachloromethane (carbon tetrachloride), chloroethene (vinyl chloride monomer, VCM), 1,1-dichloroethene (vinylidene chloride), 1,1,2-trichloroethene (trichloroethylene), 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethene (perchloroethylene), mono- and dichloroben2enes, 1,1,1-trichloroethane (methyl chloroform), 1,1,2-trichloroethane, and 1,2-dichloroethane (ethylene dichloride [540-59-0], EDC). 

Paprika oleoresin (EEC No. E 160c) is the combination of davor and color principles obtained by extracting paprika with any one or a combination of approved solvents acetone, ethyl alcohol, ethylene dichloride, hexane, isopropyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, methylene chloride, and trichloroethylene. Depending on their source, paprika oleoresins are brown—red, slightly viscous, homogeneous Hquids, pourable at room temperature, and containing 2—5% sediment. 

The checkers distilled the anisole from calcium sulfate before use. This reagent functions not only as a reactant, but also as solvent. In some similar preparations the intermediate trichloride is rather insoluble, as in the case of bis(3-methyl-4-methoxyphenyl)tellurium dichloride. The addition of co-solvents such as bis-(2-methoxyethyl) ether is beneficial. ... 

Polypropylenes produced by metallocene catalysis became available in the late 1990s. One such process adopts a standard gas phase process using a metallocene catalyst such as rac.-dimethylsilyleneto (2-methyl-l-benz(e)indenyl)zirconium dichloride in conjunction with methylaluminoxane (MAO) as cocatalyst. The exact choice of catalyst determines the direction by which the monomer approaches and attaches itself to the growing chain. Thus whereas the isotactic material is normally preferred, it is also possible to select catalysts which yield syndiotactic material. Yet another form is the so-called hemi-isotactic polypropylene in which an isotactic unit alternates with a random configuration. 

The solubility of commercial poly(methyl methacrylate) is consistent with that expected of an amorphous thermoplastic with a solubility parameter of about 18.8 MPa. Solvents include ethyl acetate (8 = 18.6), ethylene dichloride (8 = 20.0), trichloroethylene (8 = 19), chloroform (8 = 19) and toluene (8 = 20), all in units ofMPa. Difficulties may, however, occur in dissolving cast poly(methyl methacrylate) sheet because of its high molecular weight. 

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