Method for utilization

Tetrasubstituted thiophenes obtained by the Gewald reaction serve as templates for structural diversification and semi-automated library synthesis. Thiophene 31, prepared from 3-ketoester 29 and t-butylcyanoacetate 30, could be selectively derivatized at three of the four substituents to maximize library diversity. This procedure represents an improvement over previously published methods for utilizing 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds in the Gewald reaction. 

Dextrans were employed to evaluate the linear calibration method for utility in aqueous SEC. The dextrans were obtained from Pharmacia Chemical Co. (Upsala, Sweden) of the following molecular weights ... 

Optimization of Linear Calibration Methodology. The accuracy of linear calibration methods for utilization of polydisperse calibration standards depends upon (1) how well the column set approximates true linearity over the molecular weight calibration range and (2) the extent to which instrumental band broadening affects the elution volume profile of the polydisperse standard. 

The Nickel Producers Environmental Research Association (NiPERA) is sponsoring research on the application of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) to isotopic analysis of nickel in biological samples, on the development of sampling instrumentation for assessing workers exposure to nickel in the nickel industry, and on methods for utilizing newly developed analytical methods, such as laser beam ionization mass spectrometry, for the identification and speciation of nickel compounds in powders and dusts with particular reference to nickel refining. 

A possibly more sophisticated method for utilizing biomass to produce synthesis gas is by aqueous phase reforming (APR), a processing method that was developed for carbohydrates and other more readily accessible biomass oxygenates by Dumesic et Valenzuela et al. however,... 

Another novel cardiovascular therapy that has recently come into play is the use of stem cell delivery. These approaches have thus far involved the use of gene delivery mechanisms to essentially force embryonic stem cells into cardiomyocyte differentiation with the goal of producing a cardiac pace-making cell (Arruda et al., 2004). Researchers are also developing methods for utilizing seeded adult mesenchymal stem cells as an implanted base to act as a depot for the delivery of localized gene therapies (Arruda et al., 2004). 

Perhaps you will have noted that the three-center bond is a method for utilizing all the valence electrons and valence orbitals when the latter exceeds the former, e.g., diborane has 12 valence electrons and 14 valence orbitals. Each of the two... 

Acetolysis [1, 966, before references]. Marker11 discovered a method for utilizing the steroid sapogenin diosgenin (1) for the synthesis of steroid hormones consisting in acetolysis with acetic anhydride at an elevated temperature to the furostadiene diacetate (2), an unsaturated compound which is convertible in four simple steps into progesterone (6). 

All the qualitative evaluations of the Diels-Alder reactions with these two dienes are perfectly incorporated in the evaluated activation barriers. Even dienophiles with a low reactivity such as acetylene should add easily to both NJ -dimethyl-l,2-diazolium and Ar,A -dimethyl-l,3,4-triazolium cations. Later it becomes much more reactive. The exo cycloaddition had an activation barrier that was 9-10 kcal/mol higher, indicating that the endo cycloadduct should be the sole product of the reaction. In this way, we have demonstrated that cycloaddition reactions with quaternized heterocycles should be a very powerful method for utilizing heterocycles in organic syntheses. 

Because of the anticipated dwindling supply of petroleum, exploitation of alternative resources such as natural gas and coal will have increasing importance. Thus development of suitahle methods for utilizing carhon monoxide will have ever-increasing demand in chemical industry. 

The participation of students in the development of methods for utilization of wood wastes, low-value and non-conditional wood (for example, injured by fire or plant pests) to produce charcoal or carbon sorbents that find applications in different branches of industry as well as in environment protection contributes to the formation of an environmental mentality of new generations of researchers. 

This approach represents a convenient method for utilizing carboxylic acid substrates in small-scale laboratory applications. However, while it avoids the formation of stoichiometric salt waste that needs to be separated from the products, the reagent... 

Read-Across Another suitable method for utilizing low-resolution data is read-across, where we draw conclusions for one compound based on experimental results from a different compound based on their chemical similarity. Of course, this has to be done with care and requires informed intellectual input from the user but is very beneficial and can be applied both across endpoints and across species. Looking at experimental data from structurally similar compounds will usually allow the user to start thinking about SAR and ideas for the modifications to virtual compounds in order to enhance properties. 

JIS C 8827 Testing procedure of islanding prevention methods for utility intercormected small polymer electrolyte fuel cell power system power conditioners (Japan)... 

Since the 1970s, in Russia and other coimtries, on a relatively small scale, coal and oil in power plants and furnaces are replaced by water-coal fuel (WCF), which is also used even as a fuel for turbine and diesel power plants [305]. In addition to being a useful method for utilization of waste coal, the WCF makes it possible to transport coal in railway tanks and through pipelines. A lot of experience in this area has already been acquired in Russia, the U.S., and China. The preparation WCF includes the grinding of coal (up to a size of... 

Thus, MA can become a promising efficient method for utilization of production waste in catalytic processes and at the same time a a way to increase their activity. 

---