Methamphetamines methylated

Methamphetannne is a notorious street drug One synthesis involves reductive amination of benzyl methyl ketone with methylamine What is the structure of methamphetamine ... 

The reinforeing properties of psychomotor stimulants have also been linked to the aetivation of eentral dopamine neurons and their postsynaptie reeep-tors. When the synthesis of eatecholamines is inhibited by administering alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine, an attenuation of the subjective effeets of euphoria assoeiated with psyehomotor stimulants oeeurs in man (Jonsson et al. 1971), and a bloekade of the reinforeing effects of methamphetamine occurs in animals (Pickens et al. 1968). Furthermore, low doses of dopamine antagonists will increase response rates for intravenous injections of h-amphetamine (Risner and Jones 1976 Yokel and Wise 1975 Yokel and Wise 1976). 

The drugs 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and 3,4-methyl-enedioxyamphetamine (MDA) are ring-substituted derivatives of methamphetamine and amphetamine, respectively. These methylenedioxy-substituted amphetamines have been reported to exhibit both stimulant and psychotomimetic properties (Anderson et al. 1978 Braun et al. 1980 ... 

Ali, S.F., Martin, J.L., Black, M.D., Itzhak, Y. Neuroprotective role of melatonin in methamphetamine-and l-methyl-4-phenyl-l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 890 119, 1999. 

When using PFT with a neutral selector, it is quite difficult to avoid any entrance of the chiral selector into the ionization source, particularly at a high pH, where EOF is important. The use of BGE at low pH and/or coated capillary to minimize EOF is therefore mandatory. However, the coaxial sheath gas, which generally assists the ionization process, leads to an aspirating phenomenon of the chiral selector in the MS direction. Javerfalk et al. were the first to apply PFT with a neutral methyl-/i-CD for the separation of racemic bupivacaine and ropivacaine with a polyacrylamide-coated capillary and an acidic pH buffer (pH 3). Cherkaoui et al. employed another neutral CD (HP-/1-CD) with a PVA-coated capillary for the analysis of amphetamines and their derivatives. To prevent a detrimental aspiration effect, analyses were carried out without nebulization pressure. Numerous other studies presented excellent results such as the enantioselective separation of adrenoreceptor antagonist drugs using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) the separation of clenbuterol enantiomers after solid-phase extraction (SPE) of plasma samples or the use of CD dual system for the simultaneous chiral determination of amphetamine, methamphetamine, dimethamphetamine, and p-hydroxymethamphetamine in urine. 

Changes in catecholamines and 3-O-methyl metabolite concentrations in human plasma Erythropoietin in pharmaceutical products 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, amphetamine, and methamphetamine in rat urine Azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, and trifloxystrobin fungiddes ... 

Figure 6.2 Methamphetamine (right) s created by adding a methyl group (CHa) to amphetamine (left).

N-Methylation yields methedrine, methamphetamine (METH the S isomer)... 

Cimbura and Kofoed (50),mentioned earlier, used GLC to separate amphetamine and methamphetamine after acetylation with acetic anhydride in methanol. Derivatives were extracted using diethyl ether and chromatographed op columns of either 3% OV-17, OV-1, or SE-30. Column temperature was 160°C. They also reported the chromatographic determination of acetylated morphine on 3% SE-30, OV-1, or OV-17 at temperatures of 220°C. Cruickshank et al.(21) separated 21 amino acids as their trifluoroacetylated methyl esters. The column was 5% neopentyl glycol succinate on Gas Chrom P. Column temperatures were both isothermal and programmed 65°C for 20 min at 1.5°C/min then 2°C/min until 42.5 min then 4°C/min until 60 min then isothermal until about 75 min (see Figure 12.2). Chang et al. (19), used BSA/pyridine to form the TMS derivatives of levodopa, methyldopa, tyrosine. 

D-Methamphetamine, the AZ-methyl derivative of amphetamine, was first synthesized in 1919. Methamphetamine is available in the d- and l-forms. The D-form has reportedly greater central stimulant activity than the L-isomer, which has greater peripheral sympathomimetic activity. The D-form is the commonly abused form while the L-isomer is typically found in nonprescription inhalers as a decongestant. 

Several people have asked me what I thought about the potential activity of a compound with a methyl group added to DMMDA. One of these possibilities would be the N-methylated derivative, 2,5-dimethoxy-N-methyl-3,4-methylene-dioxyamphetamine, or METHYL-DMMDA (or DMMDMA for the dimethoxy-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine nomenclature). It is a MDMA analogue, and is described in the recipe for METHYL-MMDA-2. 

Figure 9 shows a commercial drug mixture in human urine underivatized and derivatized with methyl iodide. In Figure 9a the propoxyphene and methamphetamine are not observed from the urine. However, upon derivatization, molecular ions from both can be seen and the ion intensity from methadone and quinine have been increased by a factor of ten. 

Figure 15.5. Structures of some "designer drugs" of abuse. Compare the structure of alpha-methyl fentanyl with that of fentanyl, MMP+ with that of pethidine, and ecstasy with that of methamphetamine.

Andersson M, Gustavsson E, Stephanson N, Beck O (2008) Direct injection LC-MS/MS method for identification and quantification of amphetamine, methamphetamine, 3,4-methyl-enedioxyamphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine in urine drug testing. J ChromatogrB Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 861 22-28. 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.11.025... 

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