Methamphetamine methylenedioxy

Fig. 3 Concentrations reported for amphetamine-like compounds in surface water of different European and American countries. AM amphetamine MDA 3,4-methylenedioxy amphetamine MDMA 3,4-methylenedioxy methamphetamine (ecstasy) MA methamphetamine N/A Values not availabe, not measured...

Ricaurte GA, McCann UD, Szabo Z, et al Toxicodynamics and long-term toxicity of the recreational drug 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy ). Toxicol Lett 112-113 143-146, 2000 Robinson TN, Killen JD, Taylor CB, et al Perspectives on adolescent substance use a defined population study. JAMA 258 2072-2076, 1987 Rubinstein JS Abuse of antiparkinson drugs feigning of extrapyramidal symptoms to obtain trihexyphenidyl. JAMA 239 2365, 1978 Rumack BH (ed) LSD, in Poisindex, Vol 54. Denver, CO, Micromedex, 1987 Rusyniak DE, Banks ML, Mills EM, et al Dantrolene use in 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine ( ecstasy )-medicated hyperthermia (letter). Anesthesiology 10 263, 2004... 

Lamb, R.J., and Griffiths, R.R. Self-injection of 7,1-3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA) in the baboon. Psychopharmacology 91 268-272, 1987. 

Wang, S.S. Ricauite, G.A. and Peroutka, S.J. [ H]3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA) interactions with brain membranes and glass fiber filter paper. Eur J Pharmacol 138 439-443, 1977. 

The analogs of current concern include 3,4-methylenedioxy-amphetamine (MDA) and 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy, Adam, X, Stacy). 

Helmlin, H.J., Bracher, K., Salamone, S.J., and Brenneisen, R., Analysis of 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA) and its metabolites in human plasma and urine, Society of Forensic Toxicologists, Inc., Phoenix, AZ, October 1993 [Abstract]. 

Rudnick G, Wall SC (1992) The molecular mechanism of ecstasy [3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA)] serotonin transporters are targets for MDMA-induced serotonin release. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89 1817-1821. 

Liester MB, Grob CS, Bravo GL, Walsh RN. Phenomenology and sequelae of 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine use. J Nerv Ment Dis 1992 180(6) 345-52. 

Windhaber J, Maierhofer D, Dantendorfer K. Panic disorder induced by large doses of 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine resolved by paroxetine. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1998 18(1) 95—6. 

Nash, J.F., and Yamamoto, B.K. Methamphetamine neurotoxicity and striatal glutamate release Comparison to 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine. Brain Res 581 237-243, 1992. 

McCann UD, Eligulashvili V, Ricaurte GA. (+/—) 3,4-Methylenedioxy-methamphetamine ( Ecstasy )-induced serotonin neurotoxicity Chnical studies. Neuropsychobiology 2000 42 11-16. 

Ramamoorthy Y, Yu AM, Suh N et al. Reduced (/)-3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine ( ecstasy ) metabolism with cytochrome P450 2D6 inhibitors and pharmacogenetic variants in vitro. Biochem Pharmacol 2002 3 2111-2119. 

Methylenedioxy-methamphetamine MDMA, ecstasy, Adam Sympathomimetic hyperthermia, seizures, cerebral hemorrhage, and arrhythmias reported hyponatremia. 

Fallon, J.K. Kicman, A.T. Henry, J.A. Milligan, P.J. Cowan, D.A. Hutt, A. J. Stereospecific analysis and enantiomeric disposition of 3, 4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (Ecstasy) in humans. Clin. Chem. 1999,45,1058-1069. 

FIG U RE 11.1 Effect of supporting gas atmosphere on collision cross section of six amphetamines in four gases. Although the core ion (MH ) is the same in each gas, adducts and associations are influenced distinctly by each gas. Differences in cross section will lead to differences in mobility. The substances are as follows AM, amphetamine MA, methamphetamine EA, ethylamphetamine MDA, 3,4-methylenedioxy amphetamine MDMA, 3,4-methylenedioxy methamphetamine and MDEA, 3,4-methylenedioxy ethylamphetamine. (From Matz et al.. Investigation of drift gas selectivity inhigh resolution ion mobility spectrometry with mass spectrometry detection, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2002, 300-307. With permission.)... 

M.Y. Yousif, R.L. Fitzgerald, N. Narasimhachari, J.A. Rosecrans, R.V. Blanke and R.A, Glennon, Identification of metabolites of 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine in rats. Drug Alcohol Depend., 1990, 26, 127-135. 

Four methylenedioxyamphetamines [3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine and -ethamphetamine, and A -methyl- and Af-ethyl-l-[l,3-benzodioxol-5-yl]-2-butan-amine) were baseline resolved using a C,g column (A = 280 ran) and a linear 25-min 95/5 - 20/80 water (0.1 M triethylammonium acetate at pH 7.3)/ acetonitrile gradient. Standard concentrations ranged from 300 pg/mL to 4 mg/mL [1424]. 

Complications of drug analysis were successfully resolved by the combination of TLC with MALDI-MS. TLC combined with MALDI-MS was used for analysis of psychotropic drugs (3,4-methylenedioxy methamphetamine, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy methamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxy amphetamine, methamphetamine, p-hydroxy methamphetamine, amphetamine, ketamine, caffeine, chlorpromazine, triazolam, and morphine) in biological samples [42]. This technique was able to analyze 3,4-methylenedioxy methamphetamine (MDMA) and its metabolites in urine samples without sample dilution, and the detection limit of the MDMA spot was 0.05 ng/ spot. Crecelius and coworkers described the use of TLC with MALDI-MS/MS for the structural analysis of small drug molecules [43]. This method was successfully applied to analyze two representatives of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (tenoxi-cam and piroxicam), and pharmaceutically active compound UK-137,457 and one of its related substances UK-124,912. The feasibility of UTLC-atmospheric pressure (AP)-MALDI-MS was described for the analysis of small molecules (triazole, midazolam, verapamil, and metaprolol) [44]. The authors compared the selectivity and sensitivity between UTLC- and HPTLC-AP-MALDI-MS. It was observed that UTLC plates provided 10-100 times better sensitivity in MALDI analysis than the conventional... 

Kato, N., Pharm, B., Fujita, S., Pharm, B., Ohta, H., Fukuba, M., Pharm, M., Toriba, A., and Hayakawa, K. 2008. Thin layer chromatography/fluorescence detection of 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine and related compounds, J. Forensic ScL, 53 1367-1371. 

Banta-Green, C. J., J. A. Field, A. C. Chiaia, D. L. Sudakin, L. Power, and L. de Montigny. 2009. The spatial epidemiology of cocaine, methamphetamine and 3,4-methylenedioxy methamphetamine (MDMA) use a demonstration using a population measure of community drug load derived from municipal w slsv/aisr. Addiction 104 1874-1880. 

Amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDA (3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine), and MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxy methamphetamine) are examples that have similar structures to catecholamines, as shown in Fig. 17.10. The strnctnral similarity snggests that they may interfere with catecholamines pathways. Amphetamine is known to bind to and block the re-nptake mechanism (i.e., reabsorb the nenrorans-mitter such as dopamine back into the presynaptic cell) and increase the level of the nenrotransmitter in the synapse. Methamphetamine seems to have a similar effect bnt even stronger than that of amphetamine. 

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