Polyacrylamide coating

Fig. 10. HPLC of proteins (commercial samples) on the /V-butyl polyacrylamide coated silica gel column. Sample 20 pi of 5-15 mg/ml protein solution in buffer A. Buffer A 10% methanol, 0.2 mol/1 ammonium acetate, pH 4.5. Buffer B methanol. Gradient 50-min linear, 0-100% B. Flow rate 0.8 ml/min. Peaks (/) — lysozym, (2,3) — insulin, (4,5) — myoglobin [57]...

Figure 11 Separation of anti-inflammatories by CZE at various pHs in a 40-cm polyacrylamide-coated (left) and a 70-cm uncoated (right) capillary Experimental conditions 275 V/cm UV = 215 nm buffers 20 mM borate-100 mM boric acid, pH 8.4 (46 pA) 30 mM phosphate-9 mM borate, pH 7.0 (70 pA) 80 mM MES-30 mM Tris, pH 6.1 (20 pA) peak identification 1 = naproxen, 2 = ibuprofen, 3 = tolmetin. (From Wainwright, A., /. Microcol Sep., 2, 166, 1990. With permission.)...

FIGURE 3.3 Screening and optimization scheme developed in Perrin et al. [28]. Other conditions Injection 0.5 psi, 3.5 s Fnsed-sihca capillary or polyacrylamide-coated capillary of 30 cm X 50 xm. (Reprinted from Perrin et al. Electrophoresis 2001, 22, 3203-3215. With permission from Wiley VCH.)... 

When using PFT with a neutral selector, it is quite difficult to avoid any entrance of the chiral selector into the ionization source, particularly at a high pH, where EOF is important. The use of BGE at low pH and/or coated capillary to minimize EOF is therefore mandatory. However, the coaxial sheath gas, which generally assists the ionization process, leads to an aspirating phenomenon of the chiral selector in the MS direction. Javerfalk et al. were the first to apply PFT with a neutral methyl-/i-CD for the separation of racemic bupivacaine and ropivacaine with a polyacrylamide-coated capillary and an acidic pH buffer (pH 3). Cherkaoui et al. employed another neutral CD (HP-/1-CD) with a PVA-coated capillary for the analysis of amphetamines and their derivatives. To prevent a detrimental aspiration effect, analyses were carried out without nebulization pressure. Numerous other studies presented excellent results such as the enantioselective separation of adrenoreceptor antagonist drugs using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) the separation of clenbuterol enantiomers after solid-phase extraction (SPE) of plasma samples or the use of CD dual system for the simultaneous chiral determination of amphetamine, methamphetamine, dimethamphetamine, and p-hydroxymethamphetamine in urine. 

Fig. 6 Separation of (1) salicylic acid, (2) acetylsalicylic acid, (3) sulfasalazine, and (4) warfarin by use of capillary electrophoresis with pseudostationary egg L-a-phosphatidylcholine liposomes (29 mM phospholipid) in a polyacrylamide-coated capillary (100-/j,m I.D., 25 cm) at pH 7.4. Peak heights 0.02-0.04 absorbance units at 225 nm. (Reprinted with permission, with slight modification, from Ref. 32. Copyright 1995 VCH Verlagsgesellschaft.)...

Fig. 6 Free-solution CE separation of PNA/DNA hybrid from excess PNA probe. M13 mpl8 ssDNA 4.2 X 10-8 M, and PNA probe 1.3 X 10-7 M. Detection LIF 488/520 nm. Buffer TBE, 7 M urea (pH 8.0). CE conditions 50-mm-i.d. polyacrylamide-coated capillary (27 cm in length and 20 cm to detector), 10 s gravity injection, separation voltage — 10 kV. Laser-induced fluorescence detection with excitation at 488 nm and emission at 520 nm. The buffer contained Triszborate (pH 8.0) with 7 M urea buffer. (From Ref. 37.)...

Figure 8.21. Electropherograms of the Hae-III digest of FX-174-RF DNA using (a) an agarose slab gel (total running time was approximately 40 min), (b) a polyacrylamide-coated capillary, and (c) microchips on poly(methyl methacrylate) substrate. The separation buffer for both polyacrylamide-coated capillary and microchips was 1.5% HPMC in TBE buffer (100 mM Tris-borate and 5 mJf EDTA, pH 8.2) with 10 6 M of TO-PRO-3. (Reprinted with permission from Ref. 44.)...

Bovine carotid artery endothelial cells UV excimer laser ablation to open polyacrylamide coating, protein backfill 2005 [102]... 

Figure 1. The isotherm of Platidiam adsorption (determined as Pt(II) content) on polyacrylamide-coated magnetite nanoparticles.

Hb E, Hb C, and Hb G have been distinguished by their altered mobility in CZE under denaturing conditions using linear polyacrylamide-coated capillaries.36,37 Hemoglobins are denatured and separated in 10 mM phosphate buffer (pH 2.5) using 7 M urea and 0.1% Triton X-100... 

On account of their simple preparation and commercial availability there is a wide variety of applications for linear polyacrylamide coatings. These involve not only the separation of proteins but also include biomolecules such as DNA fragments. They are also used for the preparation of gel-filled capillaries. 

Special techniques were developed for the analysis of nucleotide phosphates. For the separation of these compounds, either dynamic pH gradient (Sustacek et al., 1989) or linear polyacrylamide-coated capillaries (Takigiku and Schneider, 1991) were used. In the latter case separations were done in the reversed-polarity mode (i.e., from cathode to anode). 

Jinno, K. Han, Y. Sawada, H. Taniguchi, M. Capillary electrophoretic separation of toxic dmgs using a polyacrylamide-coated capillary. Chromatographia 1997, 46 (5/6), 309. 

Jinno, K. Han, Y. Hirokazu, S. Analysis of toxic drugs hy capillary electrophoresis using polyacrylamide-coated columns. Electrophoresis 1997, 18 (2), 284-286. 

Fig. 1 Simultaneous separation and enantioseparation of thalidomide, 5-hydroxythalidomide, and 5 -hydroxythalidomide in CE using polyacrylamide-coated capillary and a mixture of 15 mg/mL sulfobutyl (4.0)-/3-CD and 10 mg/mL (3-CD as the chiral carrier.

Fig. 2 Multiplex PCR profile of exons in Duchenne or Becker muscular dystrophy genes combined with two flanking standards. Capillary 40 cm (65 cm total length) X 75 tm polyacrylamide coated background electrolyte 0.5% poly(ethylene oxide), 1 MDa in IX Tris-borate-EDTA, lO tM aminoacridine, 2 nM Vistra Green field strength 108 V/cm detection LIF, 488 nm. [Reprinted with permission from/. Chromatogr. A 781 295 (1997), copyright 1997, Elsevier Science Publishers.]...

A set of 25 barbiturates was analyzed using CZE and MEKC. Buffers consisting of 90 mM borate, pH 8.4 (CZE), and 20 mM phosphate, 50 mM sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), pH 7.5 (MEKC). The methods were evaluated for their suitability in systematic toxicological analysis (STA), especially when a combination of methods having a low correlation is used (305). A solid-phase microextraction device in combination with CE for the determination of barbiturates was described (see 306 and Sec. VII). The detection limit for 10 barbiturates was 0.1 ppm in urine, while the limit of detection was about 3 times poorer in bovine serum (306). Polyacrylamide-coated columns have been used for barbiturates and benzodiazepines. Seven kinds of barbiturates were sucessfully separated with the coated columns without further additives (307). The benzodiazepines, which are electrically neutral solutes, were separated in the presence of SDS. The CE method offered fast and efficient separations of the more hydrophobic solutes. 

KA Assi, BJ Clark, KD Altria. Enantiomeric purity determination of propanolol by capillary electrophoresis using dual cyclodextrins and a polyacrylamide-coated capillary. Electrophoresis 20 2723-2725, 1999. 

K Kubo, E Honda, M Imoto, Y Murishima. Capillary zone electrophoresis of albumin-depleted human serum using a linear polyacrylamide-coated capillary Separation of serum alpha- and beta-globulins into individual components. Electrophoresis 21 396-402, 2000. 

Figure 4.48. Some examples of separations by hpce. (a) CZE BSA peptide map. Conditions 20 mM phosphate, pH 7, V - 25 kV, i 16/tA, 1 50 cm, L > 57 cm, id B 50/im with 3X extended pathlength detection cell, 2 - 200 nm. (b) MECC separation of cold-relief medicine constituents. Conditions 20 mM phosphate-borate, lOOmM SDS, pH 9, V - 20kV, L - 65cm, i.d, = 50/im, X - 210nm. (c) CGE of 1 kbp ladder using minimally crosslinked polyacrylamide. Conditions Bis-crosslinked polyacrylamide (3%T, 0.5%C), lOOmM Tris-borate, pH 8.3, E = 250V/cm, i = 12.5/

Separation of glycoforms CIEF Catholyte 20-mM NaOH Anolyte 91-mM phosphoric acid Ampholyte Beckman ampholyte 3-10, Pharmalyte 2.5-5 polyacrylamide-coated UV (280nm) [111]... 

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