Methacrylate, modified epoxy

Most of the radiation curable raw material technology is based on acrylic or methacrylic acid deritive but may also include modified epoxies, polyesters, and polyurethanes. Thus the backbones of radiation curing and conventional coatings are similar. 

The R groups can bear a polymerizable function such as methacrylate or epoxy acting as network formers. If the R-M bond is not cleaved, then R can also be considered a network modifier. Most of the works in this area are centered on silicon-based hybrids for protective coatings. 

When the process involves two competitive reactions, some people prrfer to call those modified polymers interpenetrated polymer networks (IPNs) [5]. The formation of a polyether-urethane network in a loosely crosslinked poly(methyl methacrylate) matrix to increase its toughness can serve as one of the examples. From a general point of view, the analysis of the reaction-induced phase separation is the same (perhaps more complex) for IPNs than for rubber-modified epoxies or for high-impact polystyrene. 

Hydroxypropyl methacrylate Jsodecyl methacrylate Jsooctyl 3-mercaptopropionate t-Octyl mercaptan Polybutene Polycarbonate Zinc methacrylate polymer modifier, acrylic elastomers Allyl methacrylate polymer modifier, adhesives Allyl methacrylate Cyclohexyl methacrylate polymer modifier, anaerobic adhesives Cyclohexyl methacrylate polymer modifier, epoxies Aminoethylaminopropylmethylsiloxane/dimeth yisiloxane copolymer ... 

PREPARATION OF IMPACT MODIFIED EPOXY RESIN BY USING POLYBUTYL ACRYLATE/ POLYGLYCIDYL METHACRYLATE CORESHELL COMPOSITE PARTICLES... 

Polystyrene or poly(methyl methacrylate) -I- modified epoxy Castor oil-based polyurethane -I-... 

Epoxy-methacrylates containing rubber are possible using CTBN. Again, esterification reactions are useful in producing not only this well-known resin type for structural applications, but also for incorporating rubber into the structure. It is possible that rubber-modified epoxy-acrylates would be similarly useful. 

Another important class of modified epoxy resins, known as epoxy acrylates, are reaction products of a low MW epoxy resin and acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, which are used in radiation curable systems. The acrylate functionality is 2, but higher functionality variants can also be prepared by using epoxy phenol novolac in place of BPA epoxy resin. Radiation curable formulations from these oligomers provide a better balance of properties and cost compared to some of the alternative polymer systems. 

Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether [1675-54-3] reacts readily with methacrylic acid [71-49-4] in the presence of benzyl dimethyl amine catalyst to produce bisphenol epoxy dimethacrylate resins known commercially as vinyl esters. The resins display beneficial tensile properties that provide enhanced stmctural performance, especially in filament-wound glass-reinforced composites. The resins can be modified extensively to alter properties by extending the diepoxide with bisphenol A, phenol novolak, or carboxyl-terrninated mbbers. 

Siloxane containing interpenetrating networks (IPN) have also been synthesized and some properties were reported 59,354 356>. However, they have not received much attention. Preparation and characterization of IPNs based on PDMS-polystyrene 354), PDMS-poly(methyl methacrylate) 354), polysiloxane-epoxy systems 355) and PDMS-polyurethane 356) were described. These materials all displayed two-phase morphologies, but only minor improvements were obtained over the physical and mechanical properties of the parent materials. This may be due to the difficulties encountered in controlling the structure and morphology of these IPN systems. Siloxane modified polyamide, polyester, polyolefin and various polyurethane based IPN materials are commercially available 59). Incorporation of siloxanes into these systems was reported to increase the hydrolytic stability, surface release, electrical properties of the base polymers and also to reduce the surface wear and friction due to the lubricating action of PDMS chains 59). 

Core-shell emulsion polymers with a core or rubbery stage based on homopolymers or copolymers of butadiene are used as impact modifiers in matrix polymers, such as ABS, for styrene acrylonitrile copolymer methyl methacrylate (MMA) polymers, poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), and in various engineering resins such as polycarbonate) (PC) poly(ester)s, or poly(styrene)s, further in thermosetting resins such as epoxies. 

ABA ABS ABS-PC ABS-PVC ACM ACS AES AMMA AN APET APP ASA BR BS CA CAB CAP CN CP CPE CPET CPP CPVC CR CTA DAM DAP DMT ECTFE EEA EMA EMAA EMAC EMPP EnBA EP EPM ESI EVA(C) EVOH FEP HDI HDPE HIPS HMDI IPI LDPE LLDPE MBS Acrylonitrile-butadiene-acrylate Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-polycarbonate alloy Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene-poly(vinyl chloride) alloy Acrylic acid ester rubber Acrylonitrile-chlorinated pe-styrene Acrylonitrile-ethylene-propylene-styrene Acrylonitrile-methyl methacrylate Acrylonitrile Amorphous polyethylene terephthalate Atactic polypropylene Acrylic-styrene-acrylonitrile Butadiene rubber Butadiene styrene rubber Cellulose acetate Cellulose acetate-butyrate Cellulose acetate-propionate Cellulose nitrate Cellulose propionate Chlorinated polyethylene Crystalline polyethylene terephthalate Cast polypropylene Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride Chloroprene rubber Cellulose triacetate Diallyl maleate Diallyl phthalate Terephthalic acid, dimethyl ester Ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene copolymer Ethylene-ethyl acrylate Ethylene-methyl acrylate Ethylene methacrylic acid Ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer Elastomer modified polypropylene Ethylene normal butyl acrylate Epoxy resin, also ethylene-propylene Ethylene-propylene rubber Ethylene-styrene copolymers Polyethylene-vinyl acetate Polyethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers Fluorinated ethylene-propylene copolymers Hexamethylene diisocyanate High-density polyethylene High-impact polystyrene Diisocyanato dicyclohexylmethane Isophorone diisocyanate Low-density polyethylene Linear low-density polyethylene Methacrylate-butadiene-styrene... 

A graft copolymer of collagen (as well as other proteinaceous materials) with methyl methacrylate has been made by polymerization initiated by tri-n-butylborane (31). Kudaba and co-workers also modified collagen by treating it with epichlorohydrin (32, 33) or epoxy resins (34) with BFs Et20 as catalyst. Such treatments could be valuable for improving certain properties of leather, but the experimental conditions preclude their use for clinical applications. 

Three homopolymer (diblock copolymer) phase boundary systems have been studied extensively the system of polystyrene (PS) and poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PVP) reinforced with diblock copolymers ofPS-PVP [22,25,28,31-33], the system of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and PS reinforced with diblock copolymers of PMMA-PS [17,24,34,35] and the system of PMMA and poly(phe-nylene oxide) (PPO) reinforced by diblock copolymers of PMMA-PS [ 14,36,37]. Phase boundaries between PS and a crosslinked epoxy (XEp) were reinforced with carboxy-terminated PS chains whose -COOH ends reacted with either excess amines or epoxy to form a grafted brush at the interface [38,39]. In a similar manner, interfaces between rubber-modified PS (HIPS) and XEp reinforced with grafted PS-COOH chains have been investigated [40]. 

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