Metals manufacturing industries

The major source of carbon tetrachloride in air is industrial emissions. Carbon tetrachloride has been detected in surface water, groundwater and drinking-water as a result of industrial and agricultural activities. Carbon tetrachloride has also been found in wastewater from iron and steel manufacturing, foundries, metal finishing, paint and ink formulations, petroleum refining and nonferrous metal manufacturing industries (United States National Library of Medicine, 1997). 

Kraus T, Schramel P, Schaller KH, et al. (2001) Exposure assessment in the hard metal manufacturing industry with special regard to tungsten and its compounds. Occupational and Environmental Medicine 58 631-634. 

Comparing the spreading behavior of CAH and MTBE is to be considered that by the spill of the CAH into the subsoil usually a pure phase product of PCE, TCE or 1.1.1-TCA is infiltrated. Most CAH contaminations were released by degreasing plants in the metal manufacturing industry. Due to their noticeable vapor pressure, CAH develop a gas phase body in the unsaturated zone, which is characterized by high CAH concentrations in soil air. 

EXPOSURE ROUTES Inhalation (automobile exhaust, smoking, emissions from municipal waste incinerators, chemical industries and metal manufacturing industries) ingestion (wastewater facilities, groundwater near landfills) absorption occupational exposure. 

Source of Heat Industrial furnaces are either fuel-fired or electric, and the first decision that a prospective furnace user must make is between these two. Although elecdric furnaces are uniquely suited to a few apphcations in the chemical industiy (manufacture of sihcon carbide, calcium carbide, and graphite, for example), their principal use is in the metallurgical and metal-treatment industries. In most cases the choice between elecdric and fuel-fired is economic or custom-dictated, because most tasks that can be done in one can be done equally well in the other. Except for an occasional passing reference, electric furnaces will not be considered further here. The interested reader will find useful reviews of them in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (4th ed., vol. 12, articles by Cotchen, Sommer, and Walton, pp. 228-265, Wiley, New York, 1994) and in Marks Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers (9th ed., article by Lewis, pp. 7.59-7.68, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1987). 

Composite structures fabrication requires levels and types of expertise for layup and curing that are not typically found in metals fabrication industries. Therefore, a composite structure is more of a specialist-produced structure than is a metallic structure. Layup is a totally different process that is absolutely foreign to metals production technologists. We must somehow get those people into the mainstream of composite structures manufacturing before we will see widespread composite structures production. 

Tantalum, because of its negligible corrosion rate, finds use in the pharmaceutical and food manufacturing industries where even the smallest amount of metallic impurity cannot be tolerated in many products. 

The world as we know it could not function without acids and bases. These chemical compounds are used extensively, from the chemical laboratory to the manufacturing industry. They are necessary for the proper functioning of the human body and for the health of the environment, too. Acids taste sour, break down metals, and react with bases. Without acids, soft drinks, lemonade, and tomato sauce would not taste the same way. Bases taste bitter, feel slippery, and react with acids. Without bases, cakes would be hard and flat, and laundry detergent would not clean. Both acids and bases can change certain vegetable substances a variety of different colors, and they can burn through human skin if not handled properly. Without acids and bases, we would not have dynamite, some heart medications, and fertilizers. On the other hand, without acids, we would not have damaging acid rain. And... 

Various pollution prevention case histories have been documented for nonferrous metals refining industries. In particular, the actions of the AMPCO Metal Manufacturing Company, Inc., typify industry efforts to simultaneously lessen the impact of the industrial process on the environment, reduce energy consumption, and lower production costs.1... 

Waste Treatment in the Metal Manufacturing, Forming, Coating, and Finishing Industries (2009)... 

Major sources of lead in Atlantic coast streams included wastes from metal-finishing industries, brass manufacturing, lead alkyl production, primary and secondary lead smelting, coal combustion, and manufacture of lead oxide. 

Lead has been widely used in the storage battery industry, the petroleum industry, pigment manufacturing, insecticide production, the ceramics industry, and the metal products industry. Most of the airborne lead that has been identified comes from combustion of gasoline [33,79] and removal of lead paint [34]. 

Raw and treated waste water from metal manufacturing, paint and ink formulation, and rubber processing industries has been found to contain some carbon tetrachloride (USEPA Verification Program). Manufacturing distillation bottoms are typically incinerated. 

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