Burn through

Safety Standards. Protection from laser beams involves not allowing laser radiation at a level higher than a maximum permissible exposure level to strike the human body. Maximum permissible exposure levels for both eyes and skin have been defined (55—57). One of the most common safety measures is the use of protective eyewear. Manufacturers of laser safety eyewear commonly specify the attenuation at various laser wavelengths. Under some conditions safety eyewear has been known to shatter or to be burned through (58), and it is not adequate to protect a wearer staring directly into the beam. 

To reduce the possibility of combustion products being drawn into the air if the heat exchanger burns through, the air is blown and not induced through the heater. 

Similar behavior was observed for LNG clouds during both continuous and instantaneous tests, but average flame speeds were lower the maximum speed observed in any of the tests was 10 m/s. Following premixed combustion, the flame burned through the fuel-rich portion of the cloud. This stage of combustion was more evident for continuous spills, where the rate of flame propagation, particularly for LNG spills, was very low. In one of the continuous LNG tests, a wind speed of only 4.5 m/s was sufficient to hold the flame stationary at a point some 65 m from the spill point for almost 1 minute the spill rate was then reduced. 

Burning velocity The velocity of propagation of a flame burning through a flammable gas-air mixture. This velocity is measured relative to the unbumed gases immediately ahead of the flame front. Laminar burning velocity is a fundamental property of a gas-air mixture. 

Flame speed The speed of a flame burning through a flammable mixture of gas and air measured relative to a fixed observer, that is, the sum of the burning and translational velocities of the unbumed gases. 

It is well-known that para substituents on the phenyl groups of H2TPP have no influence on the tautomerism rates in the ground state (see Section III,A,1). In the case of PHB, there seems to be only a small substituent effect on <1>phb (the quantum efficiency for hole burning) through modification of the relative energy of Ti (93CM366). 

Scotch marine boilers (SM boilers) derive their name from the Scottish shipyards that built marine vessels for the British Navy. They were the first design of FT boiler to incorporate both furnace tubes and fire tubes inside the shell and replaced the brick-set boilers that used to burn through the bottoms of ships. The SM boiler was a particularly versatile design and quickly became the boiler of choice for many stationary (land) applications as well as for marine duty. Land-based SM boilers (now commonly called Scotch boilers) were not simply marine boilers adapted for stationary duty but incorporated specific design modifications to meet the requirements of land-based industry. 

The world as we know it could not function without acids and bases. These chemical compounds are used extensively, from the chemical laboratory to the manufacturing industry. They are necessary for the proper functioning of the human body and for the health of the environment, too. Acids taste sour, break down metals, and react with bases. Without acids, soft drinks, lemonade, and tomato sauce would not taste the same way. Bases taste bitter, feel slippery, and react with acids. Without bases, cakes would be hard and flat, and laundry detergent would not clean. Both acids and bases can change certain vegetable substances a variety of different colors, and they can burn through human skin if not handled properly. Without acids and bases, we would not have dynamite, some heart medications, and fertilizers. On the other hand, without acids, we would not have damaging acid rain. And... 

At the same time, our major energy supplies (oil, coal, and gas) are finite. They are not renewable, yet we burn through these fuels as if there were no tomorrow. The energy supplies which are renewable (solar, wind, thermal) are not being used as widely or thoughtfully as they should be. 

The ability of the mixture, once ignited, to sustain burning through the remainder of the composition. 

An ideal inhibitor is one which burns through at the same time that the powder web is exhausted so-that no residue remains in the catapult. A dipping process was... 

Because three a-particles combine to form 12C, this process is known as the triple-alpha process. Oxygen-16 is also produced during helium burning through the reaction 12C(a,y)160. 

A single plane could carry 1000-2000 of such bombs. An electron bomb dropped from a height of ca 1 mile would usually penetrate an ordinary wooden roof deck ot covering material and start a fire in the top story or attic of a bldg. If not quickly extinguished the bomb would burn through the floors and set fires everywhere in the bldg... 

In tortuous-path stacks there is no need for spacer screens as thicker membranes, narrow channels, and plenty of cross-straps are used. On the contrary, in sheet-flow stacks spacers of different geometry and thickness are necessary to prevent membrane contact (that would result in burning through), as well as to induce turbulence in the flowing solution (Kuroda et al., 1983). Spacers generally consist of a sealing frame and a net in the... 

Myers et al. reported that partially dehydrated APB is an effective intumescent flame retardant in thermoplastic polyurethane.77 APB at 5-10 phr loading in TPU can provide 7- to 10-fold improvement in burn-through test. It is believed that in the temperature range of 230°C-450°C, the dehydrated APB and its released boric oxide/boric acid may react with the diol and/or isocyanate, the decomposed fragments from TPU, to produce a highly cross-linked borate ester and possibly boron-nitrogen polymer that can reduce the rate of formation of flammable volatiles and result in intumescent char. 

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