INDEX metals

World Metal Index, Sheffield City Libraries, Sheffield, U.K. A service covering 70,000 standard grades of metaUic materials worldwide. 

Among these, iron is relatively easy to measure and serves as a reference, as a metallicity index, and thus as an indicator of the degree of evolution. Indeed, it is common practice in astronomy to treat the terms iron content (Fe/H) and metallicity (Z) as synonymous. Solar metallicity is denoted Zq. 

All observed X-ray reflexions, were with the exception of the faint lines of palladium metal, indexed on a tetragonal cell of the rutile type. Since only one of the palladium reflexions overlapped with a difluoride reflexion the presence of metal did not interfere with the structure determination. The dimensions of the bi-molecular imit cell are compared below with those given by Ebert. 

Monitoring items include the measurement of the 7 heavy metal indexes Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Hg and As. Sediments decomposition and monitoring methods can be found in Part 5 of The Specification for Marine Monitoring—Sediments Analysis (GB17378.5-2007). For Cu and Zn, the flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry is adopted for Pb, Cd and Cr, the nonflame atomic absorption spectrophotometry is used For Hg and As, the atomic fluorescence spectroscopy is applied. The accuracy of standard substances is also measured according to national offshore sediment analysis. The analysis results meet the requirement. During the analysis, reagent blank and parallel samples are casually measured, the results of which show that the analysis process is not polluted and the relative standard deviation for the parallel samples are all lower than 10%. 

Dr D.L. Wampler advised on nomenclature and formulation of metal complexes and devised the basic metal-index program. 

The transition metal index which appears only in Volume 2 was prepared from the entries in classes 71-86. Since metal complexes are classified in terms of the ligands this index provides an alternative search for e.g. all iridium complexes. 

It should be noted that the various volumes in this series are complementary and, in order to save space, the full entry appears only once in the particular main class where the compound has been classified. In a small number of cases a cross-reference may appear in Volume 1 and the main entry in Volume 2. We anticipate this problem to be confined mainly to class 60 (molecular complexes) and to certain entries in the metal index. 

One area of confusion can be distinguishing report numbers from specification numbers. Engineers and librarians confuse letter and number combinations that are not standards, but grades of metal. Indexes and handbooks help by listing alloys to clear that confusion. ILI Metals Infobase identifies specific numbers, gives chemical content, and includes equivalencies. Metals Alloys in the Unified Numbering System correlates many international number systems. 

Heavy metals index 7. Ozone precursors, N-corrected (kg NCPOCP)... 

Another potential instrument available for risk management by metal market participants (among others) is some form of commodity index. The MG Base Metal Index (MGMI), a consumption-weighted price index based on the six LME traded metals, was introduced in early 1989 but lasted only until 1S>91." It was intended to provide a hedging facility for exposure in the commodity swaps market. However, partly due to design problems, it failed... 

Figure Bl.21.1. Atomic hard-ball models of low-Miller-index bulk-temiinated surfaces of simple metals with face-centred close-packed (fee), hexagonal close-packed (licp) and body-centred cubic (bcc) lattices (a) fee (lll)-(l X 1) (b)fcc(lO -(l X l) (c)fcc(110)-(l X 1) (d)hcp(0001)-(l x 1) (e) hcp(l0-10)-(l X 1), usually written as hcp(l010)-(l x 1) (f) bcc(l 10)-(1 x ]) (g) bcc(100)-(l x 1) and (li) bcc(l 11)-(1 x 1). The atomic spheres are drawn with radii that are smaller than touching-sphere radii, in order to give better depth views. The arrows are unit cell vectors. These figures were produced by the software program BALSAC [35]-...

Figure Bl.21.2. Atomic hard-ball models of stepped and kinked high-Miller-index bulk-temiinated surfaces of simple metals with fee lattices, compared with anfcc(l 11) surface fcc(755) is stepped, while fee...

Titanium metal is considered to be physiologically inert. When pure, titanium dioxide is relatively clear and has an extremely high index of refraction with an optical dispersion higher than diamond. 

Hardgrove index Hard lenses Hard metals Hardness... 

Viable glass fibers for optical communication are made from glass of an extremely high purity as well as a precise refractive index stmcture. The first fibers produced for this purpose in the 1960s attempted to improve on the quahty of traditional optical glasses, which at that time exhibited losses on the order of 1000 dB/km. To achieve optical transmission over sufficient distance to be competitive with existing systems, the optical losses had to be reduced to below 20 dB/km. It was realized that impurities such as transition-metal ion contamination in this glass must be reduced to unprecedented levels (see Fig. 

Mixed Meta.1 Antimony Synergists. A similar increase in the oxygen index can be achieved using the mixed metal synergist Thermoguard CPA as illustrated in Table 8. 

The US. Pharmacopeia (USP XXII) or National Formula (NFXVII) (20) also provide a similar description however, the peroxide value is not defined (Table 9). These specifications are also given in the Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients (HPE), pubhshed jointiy by the American Pharmaceutical Association and The Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain (21), which defines lecithins both from plants and eggs. The Merck Index (22) specifies a slightiy lower acid value. The Japanese Monograph (ISCI-II) (23) specifies a slightiy lower acetone-insoluble matter and a lower heavy-metal content. 

Lithium Niobate. Lithium niobate [12031 -64-9], LiNbO, is normally formed by reaction of lithium hydroxide and niobium oxide. The salt has important uses in switches for optical fiber communication systems and is the material of choice in many electrooptic appHcations including waveguide modulators and sound acoustic wave devices. Crystals of lithium niobate ate usually grown by the Czochralski method foUowed by infiltration of wafers by metal vapor to adjust the index of refraction. 

Workers in the metals treatment industry are exposed to fumes, dusts, and mists containing metals and metal compounds, as well as to various chemicals from sources such as grinding wheels and lubricants. Exposure can be by inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. Historically, metal toxicology was concerned with overt effects such as abdominal coHc from lead toxicity. Because of the occupational health and safety standards of the 1990s such effects are rare. Subtie, chronic, or long-term effects of metals treatment exposure are under study. An index to safety precautions for various metal treatment processes is available (6). As additional information is gained, standards are adjusted. 

Comprehensive Index for Metals Handbook, 10th ed., ASM International, Materials Park, Ohio, 1994. 

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