INDEX of metals

Index of Activity = (q/M) — (34V/M) — 1.3 where q = heat of oxidation in cal/mole V = valence of the metal M — molecular wt of the metal The activity index of metals calcd using this... 

Figure 1. Effect of stearic add on melt index of metal sulfonate CR-2504 (base polymer—CR-2504 sulfonate content—33 meq/100 polymer)...

V = valence of the metal M = molecular wt of the metal The activity index of metals calcd using this... 

Figure 3.67. Calculated p- (solid lines) and s-(dotted lines) ATR spectra for monolayer adsorbate on 20-nm metal film in contact with solvent as function of complex refractive index of metal film. Except for metal, the system is as in Fig. 3.236, c. The respective complex refractive index of metal film is given at top part of each spectrum. Reprinted, by permission of the Royal Society of Chemistry on behalf of the PCCP Owner Societies, from T. Burgi, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. (PCCP) 3,2124 (2001), p. 2128, Fig. 10. Copyright 2001 The Owner Societies.

Titanium metal is considered to be physiologically inert. When pure, titanium dioxide is relatively clear and has an extremely high index of refraction with an optical dispersion higher than diamond. 

Lithium Niobate. Lithium niobate [12031 -64-9], LiNbO, is normally formed by reaction of lithium hydroxide and niobium oxide. The salt has important uses in switches for optical fiber communication systems and is the material of choice in many electrooptic appHcations including waveguide modulators and sound acoustic wave devices. Crystals of lithium niobate ate usually grown by the Czochralski method foUowed by infiltration of wafers by metal vapor to adjust the index of refraction. 

Workers in the metals treatment industry are exposed to fumes, dusts, and mists containing metals and metal compounds, as well as to various chemicals from sources such as grinding wheels and lubricants. Exposure can be by inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. Historically, metal toxicology was concerned with overt effects such as abdominal coHc from lead toxicity. Because of the occupational health and safety standards of the 1990s such effects are rare. Subtie, chronic, or long-term effects of metals treatment exposure are under study. An index to safety precautions for various metal treatment processes is available (6). As additional information is gained, standards are adjusted. 

Optical Properties. The index of refraction of a deposited material is sensitive to the film density. A lower index of refraction is found at less than bulk densities. The reflectance of a metallic surface is affected by the growth morphology of the film. 

Sa.tura.tion Index. Materials of constmction used in pools are subject to the corrosive effects of water, eg, iron and copper equipment can corrode whereas concrete and plaster can undergo dissolution, ie, etching. The corrosion rate of metallic surfaces has been shown to be a function of the concentrations of Cl ,, dissolved O2, alkalinity, and Ca hardness as well as buffer intensity, time, and the calcium carbonate saturation index (35). 

B. North, "Indexable Metalcutting Inserts—A Review of Recent Developments," Proceedings of the 1 st International Conference on the Behavior of Material in Machining, Nov. 8—10, 1988, Stratford-upon-Avon, The Institute of Metals, Paper 35, 1988. 

Using the complex refractive index N = n + iK where i =- f—1 and Kis the absorption coefficient, the reflectivity R of metals and alloys is given by ... 

An abrasion index in terms of kilowatthour input per pound of metal lost furnishes a useful indication. Rough values are quoted in Table 20-3. 

On the basis of data obtained the possibility of substrates distribution and their D-values prediction using the regressions which consider the hydrophobicity and stmcture of amines was investigated. The hydrophobicity of amines was estimated by the distribution coefficient value in the water-octanole system (Ig P). The molecular structure of aromatic amines was characterized by the first-order molecular connectivity indexes ( x)- H was shown the independent and cooperative influence of the Ig P and parameters of amines on their distribution. Evidently, this fact demonstrates the host-guest phenomenon which is inherent to the organized media. The obtained in the research data were used for optimization of the conditions of micellar-extraction preconcentrating of metal ions with amines into the NS-rich phase with the following determination by atomic-absorption method. 

An alternative, but to some extent complementaty approach to the structure of grain boundaries notes that as the tilt angle between the crystals forming the grain boundary increases, planes of lower atomic concentrations, the high index planes, such as (221), (331) and (115) in the face-centred strucmre, become parallel to the grain boundary. There is therefore a decrease in the number of metal-metal bonds at the boundary as the tilt angle increases. 

Tafel, /. table plate, slab, tablet panel sheet (of metal) cake (of chocolate) pane (ofglass) slate blackboard chart index list. 

A number of indices relate metal activity to hydrogen and coke production. (These indices predate the use of metal passivation in the FCC process but are still reliable). The most commonly used index is 4 X Nickel + Vanadium. This indicates that nickel is four times as actiw as vanadium in producing hydrogen. Other indices [9] used are ... 

The effect of pH on the corrosion of zinc has already been mentioned (p. 4.170). In the range of pH values from 5 -5 to 12, zinc is quite stable, and since most natural waters come within this range little difficulty is encountered in respect of pH. The pH does, however, affect the scale-forming properties of hard water (see Section 2.3 for a discussion of the Langelier index). If the pH is below the value at which the water is in equilibrium with calcium carbonate, the calcium carbonate will tend to dissolve rather than form a scale. The same effect is produced in the presence of considerable amounts of carbon dioxide, which also favours the dissolution of calcium carbonate. In addition, it is important to note that small amounts of metallic impurities (particularly copper) in the water can cause quite severe corrosion, and as little as 0-05 p.p.m. of copper in a domestic water system can be a source of considerable trouble with galvanised tanks and pipes. 

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