MEDLINE identifier

Fig. 12.1 Number of publications identified in a Medline search using pharmacogenetics as keyword ( Search for the entire year 2000 and the first half of 2001).

A systematic review of randomized controlled trials has been performed to determine whether dexamethasone therapy in the first 15 days of life prevents chronic lung disease in premature infants (14). Studies were identified by a literature search using Medline (1970-97) supplemented by a search of the Cochrane Library (1998, Issue 4). Inclusion criteria were (a) prospective randomized design with initiation of dexamethasone therapy within the first 15 days of life (b) report of the outcome of interest and (c) less than 20% crossover between the treatment and control groups during the study period. The primary outcomes were mortality at hospital discharge and the development of chronic lung disease at 28 days of life and 36 weeks postconceptional age. The secondary outcomes were the presence of a patent ductus... 

Our own group has recently published an approach to extract pharmacological property classes that are directly related to chemical compounds from Medline abstracts. The system is based on a commercial solution, the TEMIS platform for text analysis, using so-called Hearst patterns. Patterns indicative of information on the biological activity of compounds were identified and used to analyze Medline abstracts and the unstructured text field in DrugBank for drug classification statements. We identified additional information not yet contained in DrugBank annotation fields.69... 

In a review based on the Medline and PsycINFO databases from 1999 to 2002, six articles focusing on the issue of adherence to therapy in schizophrenia and two metaanalyses of depot typical antipsychotic agents in schizophrenia were identified (27). The usual adverse effects... 

In a Medline search to investigate the incidence and features of fluoroquinolone nephrotoxicity only primarily case reports and temporally related events could be identified (50). Ciprofloxacin was associated with an increased... 

The Cochrane Library represents one of the most comprehensive sources of evidence about healthcare. The Library can be purchased via subscription by contacting Update Software (Table 2). OVID Technologies includes the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews as one of their subscription databases. The National Library of Medicine s MEDLINE also indexes Cochrane Reviews. This allows MEDLINE users to identify Cochrane Reviews relevant to their search strategies. 

A search of two major data bases (MEDLINE, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts) was conducted to identify articles published between January 1988 and December 1995. The beginning date of January 1988 was selected because the original ACCP prospectus was inclusive through December 1987. Both MeSH and free text search terms were used to identify English language articles assessing the value of clinical pharmacy services. Search terms were clinical pharmacy services, pharmacy... 

To identify information on careers for pharmacists in medical communications, a database at Virginia Commonwealth University, which includes MEDLINE and 212 other databases, was searched. Because this search did not reveal many useful citations, the director of a biomedical writing program at a university that has an established school of pharmacy (Table 1) was interviewed, as were eight pharmacists who had at least 10 years of experience in medical communications and who represented different work settings the mean duration of experience was 15 years (range 10-21 years). Approximately 30 questions were developed, consent was obtained to record and quote the interviewees, telephone interviews were conducted in June 2000, and interviewees were invited to review the first draft. The in-... 

MEDLINE and PubMed, both produced by the National Library of Medicine (NLM), are the largest and best known bibliographic databases of biomedical journal literature. PubMed s iu-process records provide basic citation information and abstracts before the citations are indexed with NLM s Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Terms and added to MEDLINE. To optimize the efficiency of a clinical search, PubMed offers specialized searches usiug method-ologic filters. These filters, based on work by Haynes and colleagues, are validated search strategies to identify clinically relevant studies... 

Once an article citation has been matched to MEDLINE, the simplest and most reliable key to point to the article is the MEDLINE unique identifier (MUID). This is simply an integer number. NCBI provides many services that use MUID to retrieve the citation and abstract from MEDLINE, to link together data citing the same article, or to provide Web hyperlinks. 

Recently, in concert with MEDLINE and a large number of publishers, NCBI has introduced PubMed. PubMed contains all of MEDLINE, as well as citations provided directly by the publishers. As such, PubMed contains more recent articles than MEDLINE, as well as articles that may never appear in MEDLINE because of their subject matter. This development led NCBI to introduce a new article identifier, called a PubMed identifier (PMID). Articles appearing in MEDLINE will have both a PMID and an MUID. Articles appearing only in PubMed will have only a PMID. PMID serves the same pmpose as MUID in providing a simple, reliable link to the citation, a means of linking records together, and a means of setting up hyperlinks. 

Each GenBank record must have at least one reference or citation. It offers scientihc credit and sets a context explaining why this particular sequence was determined. In many cases, the record will have two or more reference blocks, as shown in Appendix 3.1. The preceding sample indicates a published paper. There is a MEDLINE and PubMed identifier present that provides a link to the MEDLINE/ PubMed databases (see Chapter 7). Other references may be annotated as unpublished (which could be submitted) or as placeholders for a publication, as shown. 

A large-scale retrospective study of the literature over the period 1966 to 1996 using the Medline database identified 41 cases of neurotoxic adverse effects in 41 patients with low therapeutic concentrations of lithium. Of these patients, 10 were taking haloperidol. ... 

Another retrospective study using both Medline and the spontaneous reporting system of the FDA in the US, over the period 1969 to 1994, identified 237 cases of severe neurotoxicity involving lithium, of which 59 also involved the concurrent use of haloperidol. ... 

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