Design randomized

It is important that future studies of antioxidant treatment in patients with specific disorders should be well designed (randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled) prospective studies that utilize the most up-to-date methodology to assess free-radical activity. 

Anticonvulsants, especially topiramate, and serotonergic drugs, especially ondansetron, show promise in initial, but well-designed, randomized controlled trials.43 Further studies are needed. Buspirone is well studied, but results are inconsistent. 

Figure 3.1 Overview of DNA library creation strategies. Random mutagenesis introduces mutations at positions throughout the gene sequence. Semi-rational design randomizes only the specific position(s) of interest. Gene shuffling brings existing sequence diversity from different parental DNA sequences together to form a chimeric library...

Class At least 1 properly designed, randomized controlled trial... 

What is the relationship - Youden square designs Latin square designs balanced incomplete block designs randomized complete block designs ... 

Another way to design randomized oligonucleotides is to synthesize triplets as NNY and RNN, where Y represents dC or T and R represents dA or dG [33], all in equimolar mixtures. This design eliminates stop codons, but does not contain two of the 20 amino acids, and hence limiting the diversity. 

For these reasons, it is a common prectice (15,52,63) to design random packed beds for a pressure drop not smaller than 0.1 in of water per foot of packing. In practice, there are many columns that operate efficiently at a lower pressure drop. 

A sample may mis-estimate the population mean as a result of bias or random sampling error. Bias is a predictable over- or under-estimation, arising from poor experimental design. Random error arises due to the unavoidable risk that any randomly selected sample may over-represent either low or high values. 

In order to understand the clinical management of transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) and stroke, to plan clinical services or to design randomized controlled trials, and to measure the overall impact of treatments, it is important to understand the epidemiology of stroke. 

Kastenberg D, Chasen R, Cuckoo C, Riff D, Steinberg S, Weiss E, Wruble L Efficacy and safety of sodium phosphate tablets compared with PEG solution in colon cleansing two identically designed, randomized, controlled, parallel group multicenter phase III trials. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2001 54 705-712. 

Study Design Randomized, double-blinded/single blinded Retrospective, case-control, etc. 

Evidence from multiple well-designed randomized controlled clinical trials, each involving a number of patients to be of sufficient statistical power... 

Although the rationale for DHA therapy in PBD patients is appealing, we recommend, nevertheless, that clinical effectiveness should be evaluated in appropriately designed randomized clinical trials before it is offered as standard clinical care. This recommendation is based on the following reasons. 

Phase II and phase III randomized trials with subset selection and disease documentation are ongoing to evaluate the efficacy of various combinations of chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. Clinicians must refrain from extrapolating the results from early clinical trials into their general daily practice and should continue, whenever possible, to refer patients to carefully designed randomized trials to define the optimal therapy for the various subsets of NSCLC. 

Random-effect model. A term which is used in at least two rather different senses by statisticians in the context of drug development. (1) A model for which more than one term is assumed random but the treatment effect is assumed fixed. (All statistical models, including so-called fixed ones have at least one error term which is random.) (2) A model in which the treatment effect itself is assumed to vary randomly from unit to unit. For balanced designs, random-effect models of the first sort can lead to identical inferences to fixed-effect models. Even for balanced designs, random-effect models of the second sort will not. 

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