Medical emergencies causes

Acute bronchospasm causes severe respiratory distress and wheezing from the forceful expiration of air and is considered a medical emergency, ft is characterized by severe respiratory distress, dyspnea, forceful expiration, and wheezing. The nurse must report these symptoms to the primary health care provider immediately. 

Basic aspects of the proteins of the blood coagulation system and of fibrinolysis are described in this chapter. Some fundamental aspects of platelet biology are also presented. Hemorrhagic and thrombotic states can cause serious medical emergencies, and thromboses in the coronary and cerebral arteries are major causes of death in many parts of the world. Rational management of these conditions requires a clear understanding of the bases of blood clotting and fibrinolysis. 

Infection is a primary cause of death in acute leukemia patients. The majority of chemotherapy used to treat ALL and AML can cause severe myelosupression, placing the patient at risk for sepsis from otherwise normal bacteria. It is important to recognize that symptoms and signs of infection maybe absent in a severely immunosuppressed or neutropenic patient. Fever (greater than 38.3°C, 100.9°F) in a neutropenic patient is a medical emergency. Following chemotherapy, the period of neutropenia usually reaches its nadir approximately 14 days after the... 

Delirium. Closely related to the previous disorders is delirium, which includes both psychosis and a fluctuating level of consciousness. The fluctuating sensorium is the key to distinguishing delirium from other causes of psychosis. Medical illnesses or drugs cause delirium it is a medical emergency that requires prompt medical treatment. 

It is extremely important to identify delirium in a timely manner. Delirium is a medical emergency because untreated, it often proves fatal. Delirium generally occurs when some external factor interferes with normal brain functioning. The most common causes of delirium are infection (e.g., pneumonia or bladder infections) and the side effect of prescribed medication or drugs of abuse. 

Excess serotonin in the central nervous system leads to a condition commonly referred to as the serotonin syndrome. There are several drug mechanisms that can cause serotonin toxicity. Serotonin toxicity can be a medical emergency characterised by rapid onset of severe hyperthermia, muscle rigidity and multiple organ failure. 

Most patients with BN can be effectively treated as outpatients. Medical hospitalizations result from consequences of purging activities, such as frequent vomiting and abuse of laxatives and diuretics, which can create electrolyte imbalances and dehydration. These patients are at risk for developing cardiac arrhythmias due to hypokalemia. If the patient s serum potassium falls below 2.5 mEq/T, the patient should be hospitalized. Other medical emergencies are gastric dilatation and esophageal tears (both are rare). Cardiac failure caused by cardiomyopathy from ipecac intoxication is a medical emergency. 

Hypercalcemia can be a medical emergency. Because loop diuretics reduce Ca2+ reabsorption significantly, they can be quite effective in promoting Ca2+ diuresis. However, loop diuretics alone can cause marked volume contraction. If this occurs, loop diuretics are ineffective (and potentially counterproductive) because Ca2+ reabsorption in the proximal tubule would be enhanced. Thus, saline must be administered simultaneously with loop diuretics if an effective Ca2+ diuresis is to be maintained. The usual approach is to infuse normal saline and furosemide (80-120 mg) intravenously. Once the diuresis begins, the rate of saline infusion can be matched with the urine flow rate to avoid volume depletion. Potassium chloride may be added to the saline infusion as needed. 

It is difficult to obtain marijuana-specific data from DAWN information, since up to four different substances can be recorded for each ED episode. And because a drug-related visit to an ED can have multiple drug mentions, not every reported substance may be, by itself, the cause of the medical emergency. Until DAWN data can provide more marijuana-specific information, many feel that policymakers cannot draw definitive conclusions about the consequences of marijuana use from these reports. DAWN researchers acknowledge this limitation of their data. DAWN, like NHSDA, is directed by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. 

Neurology recognizes that relatively minor head trauma—even without the delirium, loss of consciousness, and seizures associated with ECT— frequently produces chronic mental dysfunction and personality deterioration (Bernat et al., 1987). If a woman came to an emergency room in a confusional state from an accidental electrical shock to the head, perhaps from a short circuit in her kitchen, she would be treated as an acute medical emergency. If the electrical trauma had caused a convulsion, she might be placed on anticonvulsants to prevent a recurrence of seizures. If she developed a headache, stiff neck, and nausea—a triad of symptoms typical of post-ECT patients—she would probably be admitted for observation to the intensive care unit. Yet ECT delivers the same electrical closed-head injury, repeated several times a week, as an alleged means of improving mental function. ECT is electrically induced closed-head injury. 

Thrombosis (blood clot) - may occur up to six weeks after surgery. Rarely, a blood clot can pass to the lungs causing a pulmonary embolism and a medical emergency. Treatment may necessitate anticoagulants. 

Also if the fit results in a fall, there may be injury to the foetus or a miscarriage could occur. In addition, sudden withdrawal of the drug could cause status epilepticus, seizures which follow one another without return of consciousness. This is a medical emergency and can result in serious consequences for both mother and child. Therefore, Rose should continue with her medication under supervision. 

Acute neonatal hyperammonemia, irrespective of cause, is a medical emergency and requires immediate and rapid lowering of ammonia levels to prevent serious effects on the brain. Useful measures include hemodialysis, exchange transfusion, peritoneal dialysis, and administration of arginine hydrochloride. The general goals of management are to... 

The common ventricular arrhythmias include (1) premature ventricular complexes (PVCs), (2) ventricular tachycardia, and (3) ventricular fibrillation. Again, these arrhythmias may result in a wide variety of symptoms. PVCs often cause no symptoms or only mild palpitations. Ventricular tachycardia may be a life-threatening situation associated with hemodynamic collapse or be totally asymptomatic. Ventricular fibrillation, by definition, is an acute medical emergency necessitating cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). 

Occasionally, a massive inoculum of organisms enters the bloodstream, causing a widely disseminated form of the disease known as miliary TB. It is named for the millet seed appearance of the small granulomas seen on chest radiographs, and it can be rapidly fatal. ° Mdiary TB is a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment. 

Although asthma is considered to be a reversible condition, severe acute attacks can cause obstruction that can take days to reverse and in some cases is not reversible at all. Such attacks need to be treated as a medical emergency requiring hospital treatment. Treatment includes oxygen, inhalation of salbutamol in oxygen, intravenous hydrocortisone and oral prednisolone. Sometimes inhaled antimuscarinics are also used and intravenous salbutamol and aminophylline plus antibiotics if there is infection as well. 

BLLs of 20-44 mcg/dl indicate moderate lead poisoning, in addition to preventative measures, this group may warrant treatment with chelation therapy. BLLs above 45 mcg/dl are considered to be severe lead poisoning, and is likely to cause G1 symptoms in adults and children. Chelation therapy should be commenced in these patients. Finally, levels above 69 meg/ dl is a medical emergency with high risk of acufe CNS symptoms. It warrants chelation therapy and the patient cannot be released from hospital imtil safe lead free environment is ensured. 

Malignant hypertension Accelerated hypertension causing rapid damage to vessels in end organs a medical emergency... 

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