Muscle rigidity

MDMA overdose as well as the concomitant consumption of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) with other dmgs that exert serotoninergic effects (such as inhibitors of monoamine oxidase) can rapidly lead to the serotonin syndrome. Its symptoms, which are reversible upon cessation, of the drug include confusion, muscle rigidity in the lower limbs, and hyperthermia suggesting an acute reaction to serotonin overflow in the CNS. Blocking the function of SERT outside the brain causes side effects (e.g., nausea), which may be due to elevated 5HT however , impairment of transporter function is not equivalent to direct activation of 5HT recqrtors in causing adverse effects such as fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension. 

Parkin son-I ike symptoms-fine tremors, muscle rigidity, mask-like appearance of the face, slowness of movement, slurred speech, and unsteady gait... 

C. Antiparkinson drugp are given to reduce die possibility of symptoms such as fine tremors, muscle rigidity, and slow movement. 

The adverse reactions associated widi metoclopramide are usually mild. Higher doses or prolonged administration may produce central nervous system (CNS) symptoms, such as drowsiness, dizziness, Parkinson-like symptoms (tremor, mask-like facial expression, muscle rigidity), depression, facial grimacing, motor restlessness, and involuntary movements of die eyes, face, or limbs. Dexpandienol administration may cause itching, difficulty breadiing, and urticaria... 

The neuroleptic malignant syndrome is characterized by hyperthermia (temperature over 103 °F without evidence of infection), altered sensorium, muscle rigidity, and autonomic disturbances, usually profuse diaphoresis, hypersali vat ion, bronchorrhea, and urinary retention. 

Intravenous benzodiazepine to decrease muscle rigidity and agitation... 

In addition to this serious diet-drug interaction, irreversible MAOIs also potentiate the effects of sympathomimetic drugs like ephedrine found in over-the-counter cold remedies and recreational stimulants like amphetamine. The MAOIs also interact with drugs that increase synaptic concentrations of 5-HT, such as the tricyclic antidepressant clomipramine and the herbal SSRI antidepressant St John s wort (Hypericum spp.). The resulting serotonin syndrome is characterised by hyperthermia and muscle rigidity. While devoid of these side effects the reversible MAO-A inhibitor moclobemide has yet to establish itself as a first-line alternative to the SSRIs. 

In comparing the following neuroleptics, which is most likely associated with skeletal muscle rigidity, tremor at rest, flat facies, uncontrollable restlessness, and spastic torticollis ... 

I. A 55-year-old female given a general anesthetic for a surgical procedure develops hyperthermia, hypertension, hyperkalemia, tachycardia, muscle rigidity and metabolic acidosis. Which of the following general anesthetics did she receive ... 

Hydrochloride is a colorless solid with no odor. This material is hazardous through inhalation, penetration through broken skin, and ingestion. May cause nausea and vomiting as well as muscle rigidity that includes the chest wall causing apnea. 

Morphine generally has sedative effects, reducing overall activity. But local injections into dopaminergic systems can increase locomotor activity, and daily administration can also sensitize one to the locomotor effect (Kalivas and Duffy 1987). High does of opioids create muscle rigidity and catalepsy. 

Otitis media inflammation or infection of the middle ear Paget s disease non-metabolic disease of the bones Paraesthesia numbness and tingling sensation Parkinson s disease progressive degenerative neurological disease characterised by tremors and muscle rigidity Periodontitis inflammation of the periodontium Peripheral neuropathies disorders of the peripheral nervous system... 

Chronic use of neuroleptics can, on occasion, give rise to hepatic damage associated with cholestasis. A very rare, but dramatic, adverse effect is the malignant neuroleptic syndrome (skeletal muscle rigidity, hyperthermia, stupor) that can end fatally in the absence of intensive countermeasures (including treatment with dantrolene, p. 182). 

Trihexyphenidyl, an antiparkinsonian drug, possesses central and peripheral anticholinergic actions, as well as a direct relaxant effect on smooth muscle. It reduces muscle rigidity and general stiffness, and has a relatively minor effect on tremors. It is used in Parkinsonism in the form of monotherapy as well as in combination with levodopa. The most common synonyms are parkopan, parkinsan, and cyclodol. 

Diphenhydramine also reduces muscle rigidity and general stiffness, and has a relatively minor effect on tremors. 

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) A potentially fatal symptom complex sometimes referred to as NMS has been reported in association with promethazine alone or in combination with antipsychotic drugs. Clinical manifestations of NMS are hyperpyrexia, muscle rigidity, altered mental status, and evidence of autonomic instability (eg, irregular pulse or blood pressure, tachycardia, diaphoresis, cardiac dysrhythmias). 

General anesthesia - Remifentanil is not recommended as the sole agent in general anesthesia because loss of consciousness cannot be assured and because of a high incidence of apnea, muscle rigidity, and tachycardia. Remifentanil is synergistic with other anesthetics and doses of thiopental, propofol, isoflurane, and midazolam have been... 

Skeletal muscle r/g /cf/fy Alfentanil, fentanyl, and sufentanil may cause skeletal muscle rigidity, particularly of the truncal muscles. The incidence and severity of muscle rigidity is usually dose-related. Alfentanil, fentanyl, and sufentanil may produce muscular rigidity that involves all skeletal muscles, including those of the neck and extremities. 

Most frequent - Anx ety, apnea asthenia bradycardia confusion constipation diarrhea dizziness headache hypertension hypotension lightheadedness nausea nervousness respiratory depression sedation skeletal muscle rigidity sweating vasodilation vomiting. Symptoms are more prominent in ambulatory patients and in those without severe pain. Use lower doses in these patients. Some reactions may be alleviated if the ambulatory patient lies down. 

M/sce//aneoys - Muscle rigidity, myalgia, rash, rigidity, torticollis. 

Abrupt discontinuation of intrathecal baclofen, regardless of the cause, has resulted in sequelae that include high fever, altered mental status, exaggerated rebound spasticity, and muscle rigidity, which in rare cases has advanced to rhabdomyolysis, multiple organ-system failure, and death. 

Excess serotonin in the central nervous system leads to a condition commonly referred to as the serotonin syndrome. There are several drug mechanisms that can cause serotonin toxicity. Serotonin toxicity can be a medical emergency characterised by rapid onset of severe hyperthermia, muscle rigidity and multiple organ failure. 

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