Medical devices tissue engineering

When electrospun, the resulting scaffolds mimic the structure of extracellular matrix. Thus, further development of these polymers is needed to meet the demands of the next generation of biomaterials and support the advancement of medical devices, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and nanotechnology. 

Referring to microbial cellulose applications, bacterial nanocellulose has proven to be a remarkably versatile biomaterial with use in paper products, electronics, acoustic membranes, reinforcement of composite materials, membrane filters, hydraulic fracturing fluids, edible food packaging films, and due to its unique nanostructure and properties, in numerous medical and tissue-engineered applications (tissue-engineered constructs, wound healing devices, etc). 

However, in the last decade the main application of bacterial cellulose has been in the biomedical materials field [13,46,55-57], Due to its unique nanostructure and properties, microbial cellulose is a nattnal candidate for numerous medical and tissue-engineered apphcations. In fact, much work has already been focused on designing ideal biomedical devices from BNC, such as artificial skin, blood vessels, cornea, urethra, bone, cartilage, porcine knee menisci, and heart valve prosthesis as well as deliveries of drug, hormone and protein [58-62], Figure 2,5 illustrates some of the prospects for the various biomedical applications of BNC-based materials. 

Microbial cellulose derived from Acetobacter xylinum by fermentation process has been established to be a remarkably versatile biomaterial and can be used in wide variety of applied scientific endeavours, especially for medical devices. Due to its ultra-fine network architecture, high degree of crystallinity, hydrophilicity and moldability, microbial cellulose is a natural candidate for numerous medical and tissue-engineered apphcations. The use of direct nanomechanical measurement determined that these fibers are very strong, and when used in combination with other biocompatible materials, produce nanocomposites particularly suitable for use in human and veterinary... 

This presentation addresses tissue engineering and how it relates to biomaterials and medical devices. Consideration is given to risk analysis and risk management in tissue engineering, and current proposals are discussed for an approach to the regulation of tissue engineering products and regulatory processes in the European Union. EUROPEAN COMMUNITY EUROPEAN UNION UK WESTERN EUROPE... 

Silver FH. Biomaterials, Medical Devices and Tissue Engineering An Integrated Approach. Fondon Chapman Hall 1994 Chapter 1. 

Nanomaterials science for interfacing with living tissues, for delivery of pharmaceuticals, tissue-engineering scaffolds, wound repair, adhesion prevention, and other biological agents and medical devices. 

Materials synthesized with chemical and biotechnological processes support novel implantates, tissue engineering and even competitors to silicon-based computing, as well as analytics, diagnostics, medical devices, electronics, data processing and energy conversion. 

Biomedical Engineering Fundamentals Medical Devices and Systems Tissue Engineering and Artificial Organs... 

Synthetic pol)mieric materials have been widely used in medical disposable supply, prosthetic materials, dental materials, implants, dressings, extracorporeal devices, encapsulants, polymeric drug delivery systems, tissue engineered products, and orthodoses as that of metal and ceramics substituents [Lee, 1989]. The main advantages of the polymeric biomaterials compared to metal or ceramic materials are ease of manufacturability to produce various shapes (latex, film, sheet, fibers, etc.), ease of secondary processability, reasonable cost, and availability with desired mechanical and physical properties. The required properties of polymeric biomaterials are similar to other biomaterials, that is, biocompatibility, sterilizability, adequate mechanical and physical properties, and manufacturability as given in Table 40.1. 

A biomaterial is any natural or synthetic material that is employed as. or part of. a medical device. Typical materials include metals, ceramics, glasses, polymers, and tissue-engineered materials. The requirements of a biomaterial are that it should have the correct properties to allow it to achieve its intended function and be biocompatible. Over recent decades, there have been many developments in biomaterials research. Some of these developments have involved a movement from the use of inert materials to more sophisticated ones, which actively invoke a beneficial response from the body. 

Abstract Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is a plastic-like material synthesized by many bacteria. PHA serves as an energy and carbon storage componnd for the bacteria. PHA can be extracted and purified from the bacterial cells and the resulting product resembles some commodity plastics such as polypropylene. Because PHA is a microbial product, there are natural enzymes that can degrade and decompose PHA. Therefore, PHA is an attractive material that can be developed as a bio-based and biodegradable plastic. In addition, PHA is also known to be biocompatible and can be used in medical devices and also as bioresorbable tissue engineering scaffolds. In this chapter, a brief introduction about PHA and the fermentation feedstock for its production are given. 

Polymers are the most versatile class of biomaterials, being extensively used in biomedical applications such as contact lenses, pharmaceutical vehicles, implantation, artificial organs, tissue engineering, medical devices, prostheses, and dental materials [1-3]. This is all due to the unique properties of polymers that created an entirely new concept when originally proposed as biomaterials. For the first time, a material performing a structural application was designed to be completely resorbed and become weaker over time. This concept was applied for the... 

---