Ultra-fine

Property Ultra fine High tint Low tint... 

In 1986, Wakai et al. (1986) in Japan discovered that ultra-fine-grained ceramics can also be superplastically deformed they may be brittle with respect to dislocation... 

Vapor-grown carbon fibers have been prepared by catalyzed carbonization of aromatic carbon species using ultra-fine metal particles, such as iron. The particles, with diameters less than 10 nm may be dispersed on a substrate (substrate method), or allowed to float in the reaction chamber (fluidized method). Both... 

Fe Ultra fine particle Decomposition of metallocene 1060 Benzene 21... 

Ultra fine particle Decomposition of metal carbonyl 800 Acetylene 24... 

Co Ultra fine particle Laser etching of Co thin film 1000 Triazine 26... 

VGCFs have typical diameters of 100 nm - 100 pm with hollow cores [9]. Thus VGCFs are 10 - lO times thicker than CNTs. A preparation method for VGCFs was first developed by Endo [10,11] wbo decomposed benzene at 1150-1.300°C in an electric furnace in the presence of H2 (99.9% pure) as the carrier gas (see Fig. 1). Ultra-fine particles of Fe (ca. 10 nm diameter) or its compounds, such as Fe(N03)3 or ferrocene, were introduced into the chamber as a catalyst. 

In this final chapter, we will review the current frontier of the applications of CNTs. Nanoscale applications such as nanoscale devices and ultra-fine probe, as well as macroscale applications such as field emission, energy storage and... 

API Bullentin RP 13C Colloidal Ultra Fine Fine Medium Intennediate Coarse... 

To avoid explosion, the compounds can be decomposed via hydrolysis in liquid solution. Ultra-fine particles are obtained in water and water-ammonia media. Hydrolysis in HC1 and HN03 solutions leads to the precipitation of an agglomerated powder of both tantalum and niobium oxides. Agglomerates obtained are up to 12 pm in diameter, while the estimated diameter of the smallest ciystalline particles varies in the range of 0.01-0.5 pm [512]. 

Niobium oxide obtained by plasma chemical decomposition is an ultra-fine powder with a specific surface area, as determined by the BET method, of about 20-30 m2/g. The estimated average particle size does not exceed 0.1 pm. 

The use of ultra-fine AP to increase the burning rates of double-base propints has been described previously. This technology has also been used with hydrocarbon binders, but dispersion and high viscosity have presented mixing problems. Fine AP can be conveniently dispersed by slurrying first with a surfactant and an organic liq such as 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane or normal hexane in a process described by Alley (Ref 58a). Sodium sulfonate... 

ULTRA-FINE PARTICLES edited by Chikara Hayashi, R. Ueda and A. Tasaki... 

Pharr, G. M., Harding, D. S., and Oiiver, W. C., Mechanical Properties and Deformation Behavior of Materials Having Ultra-Fine Microstructures, M. Nastasi, D. M. Parkin, and H. Gieiter, Eds., Kluwer Academic Pubiishers, Netherlands, 1993. 

PFPE, AI2O3, and X-IP were 500 mg, 200 mg, and 100 mg, respectively. The materials in Samples 2 to 4 were sufficiently mixed to ensure that the liquid PFPE and X-IP completely wet the alumina powders. These specimens were put in a closed space hlled with inert nitrogen. The flow rate of the nitrogen gas was kept at 20 milliliters per minute. The environmental temperature of the system was set at 220 ° C and the duration time was 250 minutes per sample for each individual operation procedure. PFPE used in the experiment was Z-dol and the alumina was in ultra-fine powders with chemical analytic grade purity. 

Luo et al. [1,153] used a slurry containing ultra-fine diamond (UFD) powders to polish the surface of HDD sliders. The powders are from 3 nm to 18 nm in diameter and 90 % around 5 nm. They are crystal and sphere-like [154]. The pH value of the slurry is kept in the range from 6.0 to 7.5 in order to avoid the corrosion of read-write heads, especially pole areas. A surface-active agent is added into the slurry to decrease the surface tension of the slurry to 22.5 Dyn/cm, and make it spread on the polish plate equably. An anti-electrostatic solvent is also added to the slurry to avoid the magnetoresistance (MR) head being destroyed by electrostatic discharge. The anion concentration of the slurry is strictly controlled in ppb level so as to avoid the erosion of magnetic heads as shown in Table 5. The concentration of UFDs in the slurry is 0.4 wt %. 

Performances of ReadAVrite Heads by Using Ultra-fine Diamond Slurry in Polishing Process, Int. J. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul. Vol. 3, No. 3-4 Sp.Iss., 2002, pp. 449 54. 

Gao, R, "Application of Ultra-Fine Diamond Slurry in Polishing Magnetic Recording Heads, Master Thesis, Tsinghua University, 2001. 

Sawadaishi, T. and Shimomura, M. (2005) Two-dimensional patterns of ultra-fine particles prepared by self-organization. Colloid. Surf. A, 257-258, 71-74. 

Takasu Y, Eujii Y, Yasuda K, Iwanaga Y, Matsuda Y. 1989. Electrocatalytic properties of ultra-fine platinum particles for hydrogen electrode reaction in an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid. Electrochim Acta 34 453-458. 

Tateishi N, Yahikozawa K, Nishimura K, Masato S, Iwanaga Y, Watanahe M, Enami E, Matsuda Y, Takasu Y. 1991. Electrochemical properties of ultra-fine palladium particles for adsorption and absorption of hydrogen in an aqueous HCIO4 solution. Electrochim Acta 36 1235-1240. 

Hauslein, R.H. Ultra Fine Filtration of Bulk Solid, Chemical Engineering Progress, May 1971, p. 82. Roberts, E.J., Stavenger, P., Bowersox, J.P., Walton, A.K., Mehta, M. Solids Concentration, Chemical Engineering, June 29, 1970, p. 52. 

In recent years, the growing numbers of publications are concerned with ultra-fine metal oxide structures because of their useful applications as bactericides, adsorbents, energy storage media, magnetic data storage, and ferrofluids and specifically as catalysts [6, 7]. 

Mott, R. A. Contribution to Discussion, "Proc. Conf. on Ultra-fine Structure of Coals and Cokes , British Coal Utilization Research Association, 1944, pp. 156-159. 

Two slightly different laser desorption/ionisation methods were developed simultaneously by Karas and Hillenkamp [1] and Tanaka et al. [2]. Whereas Karas and Hillenkamp used small organic matrix molecules to assist and facilitate the desorption and ionisation of analytes (MALDI), Tanaka et al. used ultra-fine metal powders and glycerol. Zumbiihl et al. first analysed natural triterpenoid resins, dammar and mastic, both... 

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