Mechanical equipment cooling towers

Cooling tower fans move large volumes of air therefore, they must be designed to do it economically. In addition, fan operation must be smooth. Vibration and air pulsation can be detrimental to mechanical equipment and tower structures. The materials of construction not only must be compatible with their design, but also capable of withstanding the corrosive effects of their environmental. 

Under certain conditions, the exhaust air of conventional mechanical draft cooling towers may form a fog plume, causing visibility and icing problems to highways and equipment. In cases where this cannot be tolerated, a combination wet/dry cooling tower is shown to be effective fog plume control method. The paper describes the basic phenomena of cooling tower fog formation. The operation and performance characteristics of the wet/dry tower are discussed as well as a method of select wet/dry design criteria. 11 refs, cited. 

Perhaps the most common environmental requirement in modem cooling tower installations is that of noise. The fan equipment and the falling water generate cooling tower noise. In large mechanical- or natural-draft cooling... 

It is important that drive shafts be properly balanced. Imbalance not only causes tower vibration but also induces higher loads and excessive wear on the mechanical equipment coupled to the shaft. With drive shafts approaching speeds of 1800 rpm in most cooling tower applications, it is necessary that the shafts be dynamically balanced to reduce vibrational forces to a minimum. 

Air Point source emission stack, vent (e.g., laboratory hood, distillation unit, reactor, storage tank vent), material loading/unloading operations (including rail cars, tank trucks, and marine vessels). Fugitive emissions pumps, valves, flanges, sample coUection, mechanical seals, relief devices, tanks. Secondary emissions waste and wastewater treatment units, cooling tower, process sewer, sump, spill or leak areas. Equipment wash solvent or water, lab samples. 

Cooling Equipment Power Test Code PTC 23-1958 from The American Society of Mechanical Engineers and Acceptance Test Procedures for Industrial Water-Cooling Tower ATP-105 from The Cooling Tower Institute. 

Each cell of the cooling tower is to be capable of individual operation with its own water supply and mechanical equipment. The design and construction of the coohng tower shall corrform to the latest apphcable provisions of the Coohng Technology Institute standards and shall be a CTI Code tower. 

Proper maintenance of the mechanical equipment and distribution system will ensure optimum operation from the cooling tower over a long period of time. Motors must remain properly lubricated, gearbox oil should be maintained at the proper level, and driveshaft alignment should be checked on a regular basis. Uniform distribution of hot water within the tower is essential in order to maintain optimum tower performance. Refer to Table 3.6 for a suggested preventive maintenance schedule for key tower components. 

The basic heat transfer mechanisms are conduction, convection, and radiation. The heat transfer can be achieved through direct or indirect contact of streams. It can happen between two streams or multiple streams, (n this chapter, we will concentrate on heat transfer through conduction and convection, indirect conlBct, and between two flow streams. Direct contact heat transfer equipment such as cooling tower and heat transfer by radiation... 

Prepare mechanical design sketches of the absorption tower suitable for submission to a draughtsman, paying particular attention to the tray layout and any associated cooling equipment. 

The process gases enter a forced-circulation-type waste heat boiler at 800-1000 °C. Several changes have been made to the mechanical rapping equipment and cooling pipe bundles of the boiler to improve the performance and maintenance access. The gases exit the waste heat boilers at a temperature of 300-350 °C and pass through the hot cyclone separators and electrostatic precipitators into the mercury removal towers. Two electrostatic precipitators are installed simultaneously in both lines to ensure continuous processing. 

The experimental ball tower apparatus used is shown pic-torially in Fig. 61 a sectional view is shown in Fig. 62. All equipment that contacts NaK is of AISI Type 347 stainless steel most other elements are of brass or ceramics. A stainless steel anti-spatter shield, which is a small inverted cone with a l/z-in. diameter hole in the apex, is used over the quench tank. The ceramics system rests on a Nichrome ring stand. Water cooling is provided for the base of the Vycor furnace tube gasket and the cover plate. A fishing-reel pawl and screw mechanism drives the tantalum stopper rod. This arrangment provides a uniform speed for the stopper rod throughout its period of travel. 

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