Cooling pipe

Four-pipe system This layout uses HW supply and return pipes for space heating (pipes 1 and 2) and chilled-water pipes for space cooling (pipes 3 and 4). Effective building climate control by conventional means is easier with a four-pipe system, but the piping costs obviously are much higher. 

Figure 3.15a. An arrangement similar to a conventional water-tube boiler. Steam is generated in cooling pipes within the reactor and separated in a steam drum. 

Figure 2 3.5 KW electron beam furnace components (a) Water-cooled furnace block (b) Copper hearth (c) Cooling pipes (d) Top plate of furnace (earth potential) (e) Filament (f) Focus lid (g) Lid (h) High-tension supply (i) Low-tension supply (j) Ceramic insulators (k) Cooling pipes for top plate (1) locating stud for hearth adjustment and (m) Water conduit.

A — Anode space, B — Oathode space, 1 — Stoneware electrolyzer vessel, 2 — Partitions, 3 — Diaphragm, i — Rubber coated copper rod with soldered platinum anodes, 5 — Platinum foil, 8 — Perforatod load sheet cathodes, 7 — Load cooling coil, 8, 11 — Catholyte Inlet and outlet, 10, 12 — Anolyte Inlet and outlet, 9 — Openings for the electrolyte to flow through the cell, 13 — Cooling pipes in anolyte. 

Problem Below is a cross-sectional view of a heat exchanger consisting of a multi-pass configuration with baffles and five pipes running down the middle. The pipe diameter is small compared to the combined width of the baffles ( of dimension 1 each) and the distance between them. The baffles are spaced at a distance 4d apart with the five pipes positioned as shown in the diagram. The central cooling pipe is at distance 0.51 from the heat exchanger wall. The other four pipes are positioned at a distance... 

In Fig. 29 a schematic drawing of the LEFR used by Westerhout et al. is shown. The polymer particles are fed to the reactor through a central cooled pipe ( cold finger ) with the aid of a small nitrogen stream and subsequently they are heated by the annular nitrogen stream supplied through the flow distributor. Due to the... 

Fig.1 shows a column type for discontinuous or batchwise separation process. A trough of polypropylene or another suitable material is divided vertically to the length axis (separation direction) by means of diaphragms of polypropylene gauze to prevent the thermal convection in this direction. The diaphragms are welded on polypropylene frames and are fitted like slides into plates of polypropylene through which the cooling pipes pass. The counter current liquid streams with a constant rate from the cathode to the anode if cations are to be separated and vice versa. 

Fig. 3 Schematic of spiral mandrel blown film die operation (1) ring-shaped melt distribution (2) die body (3) spiral flow mandrel (4) sizing ring (5) spreader (6) film bubble (7) frost line (8) solidified film (9) bubble collapsing rollers (10) nip rollers (11) external bubble cooling air (12) internal bubble cooling air inlet (13) internal bubble cooling pipe and (14) heated internal bubble air return.

In the one-screen semi-industrial apparatus the excess heat developed was carried off by a system of cooling pipes, the closed ends of which were embedded in the catalyst. Either air or water could be used as the cooling medium. In this oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons the author usually prefers to keep the temperature of the catalyst below 400° C. (usually 280° to 380° C.) hence, in an apparatus larger than that used in the laboratory, the temperature tends to rise, because of the greater distance to any radiating surface and the non-conducting character of the catalyst and its carrier, which is usually asbestos. 

A study of the thermal factors relating to the reduction of nitrobenzene shows that the reaction is distinctly exothermic. It is necessary, therefore, to remove the surplus heat generated while maintaining the reduction at the optimum reaction temperature. When nonvolatile materials are treated, as in the conversion of p-nitroaniline to p-phenylenediamine, flumes of suitable diameter and height are sufficient. When volatile nitro compounds are used, an efficient tubular condenser (vapors pass on outside of water-cooled pipes) gives eminently satisfactory results. 

The effect of temperature on the solubility of impurities is utilized to maintain purity in liquid metal systems. The process, commonly called cold trapping, uses a cooled pipe section in which oxides can precipitate out and be removed from the main body of the liquid metal. This equipment is shown schematically in Figure 7. 

Figure 7-95. Electrodeless RF plasma reactor for manganese oxide (MnO) production from rhodonite (MnSiOs) (1) inductor of the RF generator (2) Tesla coil (3) quartz reactor walls (4) brass pipe (5) water-cooled pipe.

NFPA 432, 4.4.4 4.5.6.3 Heating or cooling pipes and other heat transfer devices shall not come into contact with organic peroxide containers to cause their overheating or cooling. 

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