Ceramic systems

This extraordinary discovery of superconductivity in a ceramic material led to an explosion of research on other ceramic systems. The most notable... 

This mechanism of crack inhibition is almost unique among ceramic systems, which do not undergo the plastic deformation under stress which is found in metallic systems (Figure 7.3). 

In addition to all the metallic phase diagrams, a series of volumes devoted to ceramic systems have been published since 1964 by the American Ceramic Society and is still continuing. The original title was Phase Diagrams for Ceramists, now it is named Phase Equilibria Diagrams. Some 25,000 diagrams, binary and ternary mostly, have been published to date. There is no compilation for polymeric systems, since little attention has been devoted to phase diagrams in this field up to now. 

Databases, generally available for a fee, often together with software packages, have been prepared for several types of materials and systems. Typical examples are a database developed for Fe-rich alloys containing data for up to 15 components, and 55 types of phases or similar databases for Mg-rich, Al-rich, Ni-rich, Ti-rich alloys. Other databases are available for different types of materials semiconductors, solder alloys, ceramic systems, slag, molten salts, etc. 

E. Yu. Batyan, S. V. Matveichuk, and G. A. Branitskii, Structural phase transformations in silver-ceramic systems and their relation to catalytic properties in the process of methanol partial oxidation, Kinet. Catal. 136, 816-820 (1995). 

Equation (S.21) is normally used in metallic systems for substitutional phases such as liquid, b.c.c., f.c.c., etc. It can also be used to a limited extent for ceramic systems and useful predictions can be found in the case of quasi-binary and quasi-temary oxide systems (Kaufman and Nesor 1978). However, for phases such as interstitial solutions, ordered intermetallics, ceramic compounds, slags, ionic liquids and aqueous solutions, simple substitutional models are generally not adequate and more appropriate models will be discussed in Sections 5.4 and 5.5. 

Cooper A.R. and Kingery W.D. (1963) Dissolution in ceramic systems, 1 molecular diffusion, natural convection, and forced convection studies of sapphire dissolution in calcium aluminum silicate. /. Am. Ceram. Soc. 47, 37-43. 

With this background of non-Newtonian behavior in hand, let us examine the viscous behavior of suspensions and slurries in ceramic systems. For dilute suspensions on noninteracting spheres in a Newtonian liquid, the viscosity of the suspension, r)s, is greater than the viscosity of the pure liquid medium, rjp. In such cases, a relative viscosity, rjr, is utilized, which is defined as rjs/rjL. For laminar flow, is given by the Einstein equation... 

A number of other phosphate-based glass-ceramic systems have been investigated. Fine-grained glass-ceramics based on crystals isostructural with NZP (NaZt O ) can be prepared from certain transition-metal orthophosphate and silicophosphate glasses (27). The extensive solid solution possible in the NZP phase provides for a wide range in thermal expansion, with coefficients ranging from —20 to 60 x 10-7 /°C. 

D.A. Speck and B.R. Micciolo. Advanced Ceramic Systems for Rocket Nozzle Applications, Carborundum Company Report, October 1968. 

Table 3. Comprehensive overview of investigated Si3N4 ceramic systems and quasi-systems...

In this chapter, we describe the synthesis and characterisation of the microstructure and properties of layered-graded alumina-matrix composites through liquid infiltration. This approach is relatively simple and offers excellent control over the depth of the graded layer. The presence of a graded dispersion of reinforced particles in the alumina matrix has a profound influence on the physical and mechanical properties of the composites. An overview of the infiltration kinetics and the use of the infiltration process as a new philosophy for tailoring novel graded ceramic systems are also presented. 

Evans, A.G., Linzer, M., Johnson, H., Hasselman, D.P.H., Kipp, M.E. (1975), Thermal fracture studies in ceramic systems using an acoustic emission technique , J. Mater. ScL, 10, 1608-1615. 

French, R.H., Cannon, R.M., DeNoyer, L.K. and Chiang, Y.-M., (1995), Full spectral calculation of non-retarded Hamaker constants for ceramic systems from interband transition strengths , Solid State Ionics, 75, 13-33. 

Moore, F. Rheology of Ceramic Systems, MacLa-ren and Sons London, 1965. 

H. D. Ackler, R. H. French, and Y.-M. Chiang, "Comparisons of Hamaker constants for ceramic systems with intervening vacuum or water From force layers and physical properties," J. Colloid Interface Sci., 179, 460-9 (1996). 

S. Levine, Organic (temporary) binders for ceramic systems. Ceram. Age, (Jan. 1960) 39-42. 

Let us consider color match quality. The color formulator should ask the customer if the closeness of a match to the color target is the highest priority. Since there are hundreds of colorants available for the color formulator to select from, more than one possible combination of colorants may produce an acceptable match. Is the best, nonmetameric match of most importance to the customer and application If a perfect, nonmetameric match is not possible, which is often the case when trying to match plastic colorant systems to color targets in paint, ink, ceramic systems, or plastic media, will the customer accept some metamerism Also what light source will be the customer s preference when judging a slightly metameric match ... 

Finally, the Aksay s model was used to explain the empirical correlation between reactivity and wettability observed in several metal/ceramic systems. It will be shown, for instance for metal/oxide couples (see Sections 6.4.1 and 6.5.2), that such a correlation can be explained by taking into account only the effect of reactions between liquid metals and oxides on interfacial energies. 

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