European Common Market

The inventory of some 55,000-plus chemicals was a major task. This document is critical to the working of TSCA and is being "copied" by others such as the European Economic Community in establishing their equivalent of TSCA for the 10-member countries of the European Common Market. The inventory in the U.S. has become a valuable tool not only for the Agency as it works with TSCA, but also for the chemical industry. 

To maintain their competitive position, U. S. companies have built plants abroad both jointly with foreign interests and through subsidiaries. The creation of the European Common Market has helped this trend, since special advantages are offered products manufactured inside the Common Market. 

Final Proposals for European Common Market Automobile Emission Control Standards... 

The marketing challenge for plastics will be influenced by export and import regulations. In addition, new plants are being built overseas to adjust to the European Common Market, and many companies are expanding their foreign interests. 

The United States will find itself competing with other countries in which the technology is well supported and where there is a relatively sophisticated understanding of industrial development. Most particularly, the United States will be competing with Japan, West Germany, and to a lesser degree, with the other nations of the European Common Market. 

Most sovereign nations have their own internal agencies to establish and enforce standards. However, in our present world of international cooperation and trade, standards are tending towards uniformity across national boundaries. This internationalization of standards is especially true since formation of the European Common Market. The aim here is to harmonize the standards of individual nations by promulgating directives for medical devices that address Essential Requirements (Freeman, 1993) (see below). Standards in other areas of the world (Asia, Eastern Europe) are much more fragmented, with each country specifying regulations for its own manufactured and imported medical devices. 

When the European common market was initiated, the projected European Union single-market benefits were that rationalization of production and distribution would potentially generate around 45% of the supply chain efficiencies. These efficiencies would occur through improved utilization of resources and higher reliability levels. 

In the past the European Common Market countries have imported and crushed oilseeds, mainly soybean, in order to produce large quantities of high protein meals for animal production. In recent years these countries have become partly self-sufficient in oil and meal due largely to their rape-seed production. France and West Germany are the principal exporters of rapeseed oil (Table XIV). 

International standards are rapidly gaining in importance. This has been further accelerated by the creation of the European Common Market and the 1979 Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade. The latter requires the use of international standards for world trade purposes. 

Around the same time as the foundation of the IAEA, the original six member states of the European Coal and Steel Community negotiated the estabhshment of two further Communities, the European Common Market and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom), enshrined in the Treaty of Rome. At this time, none of the six had nuclear weapons, nor indeed had developed civilian nuclear power. The Euratom Treaty reflects the issues that were paramount at the time (which included French and others fears of a revived Germany), and among its objectives, as with the IAEA, was to make certain that civil nuclear materials are not diverted to other (particularly military) purposes. 

The leading producers of other oilseeds are for rapeseed/canola—China, the EC-12 (European Common Market), India, Canada, and Eastern European countries for sunflower seed—Russia, Argentina, the EC-12, and Eastern European countries for ground nuts, peanuts—India, China, and the United States ... 

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