Equipment development

Provide guidance and assistance to the Navy and Air Force relative to Army requirements for EOD technical publications and tools and equipment developed and maintained by those services, and to be used by Army EOD units. Operate the US Army Technical Detachment... 

The authors are grateful to Drs T. Nagahara, J. K. Lim, N. Horimoto, M. K. Hossain, T. Shimada, and Professor M. Kitajima for their contributions to this work and fmitfiil discussion. The authors also thank the Equipment Development Center of IMS for their collaboration in the constmction of the near-field apparatus. This work was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (Nos. 17655011, 18205004, 18685003) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science and for Scientific Research on Priority Areas (Area No. 432, No. 17034062) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. 

Implementation of time domain FLIM methods is comparatively straightforward in laser scanning microscopes (LSMs). Here, pointscanning is used so that single channel lifetime detection suffices. In principle, standard fluorescence lifetime detection equipment developed for spectroscopy can be used in combination with point-scanning systems and a pulsed laser. 

In more recently introduced equipment, the calcination and loading of the catalyst samples can be performed under shallow-bed conditions. For example, the equipment developed by Zhang et al. (51) (Fig. 9) allows a calcination of the powder in a horizontal tube inside a heater at temperatures of up to 1000 K. After loading of the catalyst with probe molecules or reactants, the powder is added to an MAS NMR rotor at the bottom of the equipment, sealed with a rotor cap from a plug rack, and transferred to the NMR spectrometer. As in the case of the former approaches, the samples prepared in the equipment of Zhang et al. 151) can be used for ex situ as well as in situ NMR investigations under batch reaction conditions. Furthermore, this equipment is suitable for ex situ investigations of solid-catalyzed reactions under flow conditions. In this case, the horizontal tube inside the heater is used as a fixed-bed reactor. 

Equipment developed essentially for movement of granular solids has been adapted to drying. Screw conveyors, for instance, have been used but are rarely competitive with belt conveyors,... 

Substitute for Conventional Vulcanized Rubbers, For this application, the products are processed by techniques and equipment developed for conventional thermoplastics, ie, injection molding, extrusion, etc. The S—B—S and S—EB—S polymers are preferred (small amounts of S—EP—S are also used). To obtain a satisfactory balance of properties, they must be compounded with oils, fillers, or other polymers compounding reduces costs. Compounding ingredients and their effects on properties are given in Table 8. Oils with high aromatic content should be avoided because they plasticize the polystyrene domains. Polystyrene is often used as an ingredient in S—B—S-based compounds it makes the products harder and improves their processibility. In S—EB—S-based compounds, crystalline polyolefins such as polypropylene and polyethylene are preferred. Some work has been reported on blends of liquid polysiloxanes with S—EB—S block copolymers. The products are primarily intended for medical and pharmaceutical-type applications and hardnesses as low as 5 on the Shore A scale have been reported (53). 

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Equipment Development Center, Missoula, MT 59802... 

Ekblad, R. Armstrong, J. Barry, J. Bergen, J. Miller I. Shea P., "A Problem Analysis-Forest and Range Pesticide Application Technology" U.S. Dep. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Missoula Equipment Development Center, Missoula, MT. 1979 PP. 107. 

Grim, B. S. J. W. Barry "A canopy penetration model for aerially disseminated Insecticide spray released above coniferous forests." Final Report MEDC Project No. 2425, USDA Forest Service Equipment Development Center, Missoula, MT, 1975. 

The transplutonium elements and the rare earths, or lanthanides, are so similar chemically that what is true for one group is generally true for the other. In practice, process development work is usually carried out with lanthanides, and frequently, all the solutions end up as analytical samples. Transplutonium elements, in contrast, are so valuable that the goal is the maximum yield of pure products. Accordingly, the methods and equipment developed with rare earth separations are applied directly to heavy actinide production separations. These may be quite small in scale, but this is "production" for some of these elements. 

Cell harvesters were developed to capture multiple samples of cells on membrane filters, wash away unincorporated isotopes, and prepare samples for liquid scintillation counting on special equipment developed to process and count multiple samples. Despite miniaturization and improvements in efficiency of this technique, the disadvantages of multiple liquid handling steps and increasing costs for disposal of radioactive waste materials severely limit its usefulness. Although specific applications require measuring DNA synthesis as a marker for cell proliferation, much better choices are available for detecting viable cell number for HTS. 

Each melt basically has its own plus and minus capabilities for operating in the die melt channels following its non-Newtonian behaviors (Chapter 1). The extruders (and other equipment) have their limitations, such as heat transfers through metal parts and metal parts that are subjected to wear. Therefore, what tends to exist is an empirical science that continues to work efficiently. The limitations have always existed. But with time as material and equipment developments occur, designing dies, as well as operating equipment, continues to improve by increasing product performances and output rates.449-455... 

The design parameters used for the MHQ setup were inspired by the High-pressure jet-freezing and droplet cryoplate freezing equipment developed by Mayer to study the properties of vitrified water. ... 

Process and equipment developments continue to make supercritical carbon dioxide cleaning a more competitive option and to expand the applications for this process. These developments are primarily aimed at reducing the requirements for continuous carbon dioxide flow, producing effective cleaning at lower temperatures and pressures, and the construction of equipment with less expensive materials. These objectives are being reached primarily because of improved understanding of the effectiveness of carbon dioxide as a solvent and the required performance of the equipment. It appears that the dual-cycle (two step) process will continue to receive primary attention as the most effective supercritical carbon dioxide alternative to conventional cleaning methods. 

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