Material selection infrastructure

Research Opportunity Algorithms to better predict costs of maintenance and protection against corrosion of infrastructure, which could enable effective up-front decisions about, for example, materials selection... 

Abstract Whereas much attention has been paid to the environmental aspects of the life cycle of fuel cell fuel production, emphasis is placed on fuel cell hardware and materials recovery, including component reuse, remanufacturing, materials recycling and energy recovery for fuel cell maintenance and retirement processes. Fuel cell hardware recycling is described and issues related to the recycling infrastructure and the compatibihty of fuel cell hardware and materials are discussed. The role of materials selection and recovery in the fuel cell hfe cycle is described. Future trends for fuel cells centered on voluntary and mandatory recovery and the movement of life cycle considerations from computational research laboratories to design complete the discussion. 

Not only is there a direct and indirect financial burden, but corrosion also has a considerable societal impact. Crucial industries such as energy, aerospace, transportation, food, agriculture, electronics, marine, and petrochemical rely on the safety and availability of their infrastructures. In many instances, these requirements have been compromised by corrosion events that have led to loss of life, enviroiunental pollution, and loss of jxrwer to industry. However, between 25 and 50% of the economic impact (depending on the specific industry) could have been prevented by the use of well-accepted materials selection and corrosion prevention measures. 

Once you have the infrastructure in place— including a feel team— the material selection process can begin. Below is a list of some suggested steps to help guide the process. 

When a metallic material of construction (MOC) is selected to contain, transport, and/or to be exposed to a specific chemical, unless we make a correct, viable, and optimum MOC selection, the hfe expectancy of those facihties, in a given chemical exposure, can be very short. For the inexperienced in this field, the direct capital costs of the MOC facet of the production of chemicals, the funds spent to maintain these facilities (sometimes several times those initial capital costs), the indirect costs that are associated with outages and loss of production, off-quahty product (because of equipment and facility maintenance) as well as from contamination of the product, etc., are many times not even considered, let alone used as one of the major criteria in the selection of that MOC as well as its costs to keep the plant running, i.e., a much overlooked cost figure in the CPI. To emphasize the magnitude and overall economic nature of the direct and indirect (nonproductive) costs/losses that result from the action of corrosion of our metallic facihties, equipment, and the infrastructures, within the United States, Congress has mandated that a survey of the costs of corrosion in the United States be conducted periodically. 

To acquire a representative sample, one must develop and implement a suitable sampling plan. A good sampling plan includes (i) population determination and sample size selection and (ii) sample collection procedure and sample size reduction method. In addition, one needs an infrastructure to maintain the integrity of the samples and sampled materials. To begin with, a brief introduction to the sampling theory and terminology is in order. 

Development is the preparation the facilities, equipment, and infrastructure required for extraction of the valuable mineral material. It includes land acquisition, equipment selection and specification, inlraslruclure and surface facilities design and construction, environmental planning and permitting, and initial mine planning. 

Numerous reviews cover the selection, construction, and curation of chemical libraries, debates about their size and composition, operational costs, infrastructure, and best practices of compound management of stock solutions and dry powders [2, 3, 20]. For the purposes of implementation of automated robotic assays, the practical aspects are that the entire chemical library exists as working stocks (typically 2 mM in 100 % DMSO) of individual compounds stored in heat-sealed (see also Note 4), daughter barcoded microplates of well density format matching the final screening format (96-, 384-, or 1,536-well) in a plate material consistent w/chemical inertness (cycloelefin copolymer (COC) or polypropylene) or optimized for acoustic dispensing (Echo-certified COC or diamond plates). 

In 2010, AECOM Austraha conducted a Fejisibihty Study for the GFN underground infrastructure and materials hcuidhng systems, intended to study the options selected at the Pre-Feasibility stage for the purpose of ... 

During the last decade, there have been continuous improvements in the selection of constitutive materials, in the manufacturing processes and the field implementation of polymer composites for civil engineering applications. The use of FRP materials as externally bonded reinforcement is now an attractive solution to increase the lifespan of existing concrete infrastructures, while their use as internal reinforcing bars or as structural members is intended to prevent corrosion problems and increase the overall durability of new constructions exposed to severe environments. Nevertheless, key issues regarding the long-term durability of FRPs for infrastructure applications have been only partially addressed, and there remain considerable needs for research and development in this field ... 

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