Land acquisition

The second topic addressed is that of the American farmer. The remarks of one farmer at the Com Utilization Conference in November, 1988 (Columbus, Ohio) defined the situation "The soil and rainfall on my farm in Colorado are not good enough to compete with those in South America we have to find new applications for agricultural products". Perhaps because he was not a traditional farmer (he had entered farming as a result of land acquisitions and resigned from a marketing position with an electronics company), he clearly saw the marketing need. One of the objectives of the annual Corn Utilization... 

Land, acquisition can be an important part of a managed retreat plan. Land in the public trust— through federal, state, and local ownership— serves the public well in conservation, recreation, and tourism, providing public access to the shore, preserving aesthetics, and protect-... 

Development is the preparation the facilities, equipment, and infrastructure required for extraction of the valuable mineral material. It includes land acquisition, equipment selection and specification, inlraslruclure and surface facilities design and construction, environmental planning and permitting, and initial mine planning. 

In land acquisition, the following environmental considerations apply ... 

When he and Kris had their fateful meeting in Argentina, Tompkins was still splitting his time between California, where he had just formed the Foundation for Deep Ecology, and Patagonia, where he was in the thick of his first phase of land acquisitions, for which he formed another nonprofit entity, the Conservation Land Trust. 

Life cycle costing (LCC) is a concept for estimating the total cost or total ownership cost (TOC) which includes acquisition costs (total capital cost, i.e., land acquisition costs and construction costs), ownership costs (all future costs, viz., installation costs, operation costs, repair costs, service and maintenance costs, and disposal costs), as well as other cost components. 

Megaprojects in India Environmental and Land Acquisition Issues in the Road Sector... 

In this paper, we briefly describe the evolution of the regulatory frameworks related to environmental and land acquisition aspects in infrastructure development in India. We examine the efforts made in the direction of making the process quicker and hassle free. We also discuss examples of two projects, one implemented by the... 

The land acquisition policy has experienced less number of modifications in the Act. The prevailing laws related to land acquisition are (i) Land Acquisition Act of 1894, (ii) The National Highways Act of 1956, (iii) National Policy on Resettlement and Rehabilitation for Project-Affected Famihes of 2003, and (iv) State Government Policies (few state governments have special policies). 

The Land Acquisition Act of 1894 empowered state governments to acquire land for any public purpose project. It provides three methods for arriving at the value of land, which were (i) government approved rates, (ii) capitalized value of average annual income from the land, and (iii) prevalent market rate based on the land transactions data. The process of land acquisition under this Act is illustrated in Fig. 34.4. As the figure shows, much depended on the District Collector s satisfaction. 

The National Policy on Resettlement and Rehabilitation for Project-Affected Families of 2003 provided additional compensation to project-affected families, over and above the provisions of the Land Acquisition Act. It recognized the multipurpose use of land by both title holders and non-title holders of the land. State laws varied in terms of their compensation package and the definition of project affected people to some extent. 

Both environmental and land acquisition Acts were moving in the direction of process simplification and speedier response. However, the Acts also tried to retain enough restrictions so that no compromise was made on the environment and the livelihood of the affected people. 

The amount of land acquired was also not clear. The government order (GO) of 1995 identified 18,313 acres (7,414 ha) as the land requirement for the project. In 1997 the FA specified 20,193 acres (8,186 ha) of land while the formal award of the contract to NICE in 1998 specified 23,846 acres (10,659 ha). By 2004, KIADB had notified 29,258 acres (12,631 ha) for land acquisition. The discrepancy in land requirement created both political and legal obstructions for the project. One of the possible reasons for the varying requirement was that the land acquisition plan was based on a communication sent by NICE and not on the approved drawings/maps of the project. Another reason could be the collusion of vested interests. The decision... 

Judicial Activism. The judiciary has also influenced the progress of the projects. Some projects moved faster because of judicial intervention, while others were delayed due to the decision making process of lower courts. The courts have also been instrumental in prompting the government to make/amend laws related to environmental and land acquisition issues. 

ADB. (2005). Asian development outlook. Manila, Philippines Asian Development Bank. Chakrabarti, B. (2008). Role of agencies in land acquisition Problem of coordination and process failure. Writers Workshop, 3i network, IIM Ahmedabad. 

Morris, S., Pandey, A. (2007). Towards reform of land acquisition framework in India. Environmental and Political Weekly, 42(22), 2083-2090, June 02-June 08, 2007. 

Gabrielson, E. (2002). Mission Bay aquatic park The history of planning and land acquisitions. The Journal of San Diego History, 48 ), 1-7. 

Land acquisition process under the land acquisition act of 1894. 607... 

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