Mania depression

In some areas, PCP may be a leading precipitant of psychiatric emergencies. Routine blood samples from 145 consecutive admissions to the Los Angeles County Hospital psychiatric emergency room during a 48-hr period in June, 1979 showed 63 samples positive for PCP. A wide variety of psychiatric clinical pictures were found in these patients, including mania, depression, and schizophrenia. Three patients also had symptoms of a toxic psychosis (50). 

Treatment with steroids may initially evoke euphoria. This reaction can be a consequence of the salutary effects of the steroids on the inflammatory process or a direct effect on the psyche. The expression of the unpredictable and often profound effects exerted by steroids on mental processes generally reflects the personality of the individual. Psychiatric side effects induced by glucocorticoids may include mania, depression, or mood disturbances. Restlessness and early-morning insomnia may be forerunners of severe psychotic reactions. In such situations, cessation of treatment might be considered, especially in patients with a history of personality disorders. In addition, patients may become psychically dependent on steroids as a result of their euphoric effect, and withdrawal of the treatment may precipitate an emotional crisis, with suicide or psychosis as a consequence. Patients with Cushing s syndrome may also exhibit mood changes, which are reversed by effective treatment of the hypercortisolism. 

Chart reviews and open trials of outpatients with bipolar disorder and bipolar spectrum disorder have been published for 28 risperidone- and 23 olanzapine-treated treated children and adolescents (Frazier et ah, 1999 2001). Significant decreases in mania, depression, and aggression ratings occurred over the course of treatment however, other medications were also used simultaneously. Additional anecdotal information exists for olanzapine (Soutullo et ah, 1999 Chang and Ketter, 2000), quetiapine (Schaller and Behar, 1999), and clozapine (Fuchs, 1994). 

Randrup A, Munkvad 1, Fog R, et al Mania, depression and brain dopamine, in Current Developments in Psychopharmacology, Vol 2. Edited by Essmann WB, ValzeUi L. New York, Spectrum Publications, 1975, pp 206-248 Rapee RM Psychological factors influencing the affective response to biological challenge procedures in panic disorder. J Anxiety Disord 9 59-74, 1995 Rapee RM, Medoro L Pear of physical sensations and trait anxiety as mediators of the response to hyperventilation in nonclinical subjects. J Abnorm Psychol 103 693-699, 1994... 

It is indicated in acute hypomania, mania, recurrent mania, depression - cyclic and recurring, unipolar depression, bipolar depression, schizoaffective psychosis, mental depression, cluster headache, chemotherapy induced leukopenia and agranulocytosis. 

Rieder RO, Mann LS, Weinberger DR, et al. Computed tomographic scans in patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective, and bipolar affective disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1983 40 735-739. Tsuang MT, Winokur G, Crowe RR. Morbidity risks of schizophrenia and affective disorders among first degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia, mania, depression, and surgical conditions. Br J Psychiatry 1980 137 497-504. 

Tsuang MT, Woolson RF. Mortality in patients with schizophrenia, mania, depression, and surgical conditions. Br J Psychiatry 1977 130 162-166. 

Randrup A, Munkvad I, Fog R, et al. Mania, depression and brain dopamine. In Essman WB, Valzelli L, eds. Current deveiopments in psychopharmacoiogy. New York Spectrum Publications, 1975 207-209. 

An episode of mania/depression is drug- or alcohol-induced. 

Martinez JM, Russell JM, Hirschfeld RM. Tolerability of oral loading of divalproex sodium in the treatment of acute mania. Depress Anxiety 1998 7 83-86. 

Mania Depression Cognitive disorders Alzheimer dementia... 

Mania, depression, and cognitive disorders like Alzheimer s disease may or may not be associated with psychotic features. True or False. 

Bipolar affective (manic- depressive) Characterized by episodes of mania. Cyclic mania alone, rare depression alone, occasional mania-depression, usual. About 10-15% of all depressions. May be misdiagnosed as endogenous if hypomanic episodes are missed. Lithium carbonate stabilizes mood. Mania may require antipsychotic drugs as well depression managed with antidepressants. 

I want to reemphasize that drug-induced disturbances in mood or in behavior should be viewed as genuine neurological disorders rather than as vague mental illnesses. The capacity of speculative biochemical imbalances or genetic factors to cause or contribute to mania or depression remains unproven. Nor do we know the specific biochemical or neurological mechanisms whereby psychoactive substances cause mental disturbances. But the capacity for psychoactive substances to disrupt brain function and hence mental function is beyond dispute. Furthermore, a great deal of empirical data confirm their capacity to cause disinhibition, mania, depression, and other mental phenomena associated with violence toward oneself and others, as well as other destructive behaviors. 

The FDA provided a summary of 52 adverse psychiatric reactions reported over the prior year for Concerta and Ritalin, including cases of overstimulation (agitation and mania), depression, psychosis, aggression and violence, and suicidal behavior (FDA, 2006b). Notice the similarity to the dangerous effects that the FDA previously recognized as associated with the newer antidepressants. The similarity between stimulant and antidepressant adverse effects is probably due to the stimulating effects of the newer antidepressants. 

Continue treatment indefinitely to avoid recurrence of mania, depression, and/or seizures... 

In addition to drugs used for their antithyroid effects, the following substances can cause hypo-th3rroidism lithium (for mania/depression), amio-darone (cardiac antiarrhythmic), PAS (for tuberculosis), phenylbutazone (antirheumatic), iodide (see above), cobalt salts (for anaemia), resorcinol (for leg ulcers). Effects are generally reversible on withdrawal. 

Many salts of ternary acids are used in medicine. Lithium carbonate, Li2C03, has been used successfully to combat severe jet lag. Lithium carbonate is also useful in the treatment of mania, depression, alcoholism, and schizophrenia. Magnesium sulfate, MgS04, sometimes helps to prevent convulsions during pregnancy and to reduce the solubihty of toxic barium sulfate in internally administered preparations consumed before gastrointestinal X-ray films are taken. 

Fluctuations in hormones and neurotransmitters during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, postpartum period, and during peri-menopause (starting approximately 10 years before menopause) may precipitate mood changes and increase cycling that resembles bipolar II disorder. Women with bipolar I disorder are at greater risk for relapse into mania, depression, or psychosis during the... 

Verapamil has also been used in the treatment of mania, depression, maintenance control of manic depression, and schizophrenia. In addition, it has been used in the management of premenstrual syndrome, stuttering, and intoxication with phencyclidine. 

Anabolic steroids Aggression, mania, depression. Ediionamide... 

Depression, suicidal ideation Mania, depression, hallucinations, paranoia See Beta-adrenergic blockers Delirium, hallucinations, agitation... 

Mania, depression, substance misuse, personality disorder, psychosis... 

The claim that abnormally high and low urinary cyclic AMP excretion occurs in mania and depression respectively [295, 296] is of interest as AMP may mediate responses of target tissues to amine action at receptors. However, the finding may well reflect different motor activities of depressed and manic subjects [297]. The concentration of cyclic AMP in lumbar CSF is similar in mania, depression and various neurological disorders [298]. 

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