Process equipment drains

Processes and equipment should be designed to reduce the chances of mis-operation by providing tight control systems, alarms and interlocks. Sample points, process equipment drains, and pumps should be sited so that any leaks flow into the plant effluent collection system, not directly to sewers. Hold-up systems, tanks and ponds, should be provided to retain spills for treatment. Flanged joints should be kept to the minimum needed for the assembly and maintenance of equipment. 

Process equipment drains should be provided with a sealed drainage system where it is practical and backpressure from the system or contamination is not a concern. Open drain ports should be avoided and separate sewage and process/oily water or closed drain system capability provided. Surface drainage should be provided to remove liquid spills immediately... 

For draining principal items of process equipment, level-controUed condensate chambers provide much better performance and rehabiUty than steam traps. Usage is generally justified when condensate flow is greater than 4500 kg /h. 

Disposal of Drainage of Process Equipment Contents - When items of onsite process equipment are taken out of service, either individually during plant operation or for general turnaround, means of draining and safe disposal of the residual liquid hydrocarbon contents must be provided. The following are important considerations and terminology in the design ... 

Process Equipment, Facilities and Procedures. eiief Devices Adeqij icv, Vcfir S>." 5 Drain, Supi.- vi... 

Many leaks have occurred because workers left drain valves open while draining water from storage tanks or process equipment and then returned to find that oil was running out instead of water. 

API 52023 suggests a slightly different approach to estimate the heat flux to process equipment as a result of a fire. If prompt fire fighting is available and if the flammable material is drained away from the vessel, then the heat flux is estimated using... 

Process equipment liquid drains should use a sealed drainage system. 

All areas under process equipment should be paved and sloped to assure that liquids will drain away from equipment. 

Hydroxide. Potassium hydroxide, [CAS 1310-58-3]. caustic potash, potassium hydrate, KOH, white solid, soluble, mp 380 C, formed (1) by reaction of potassium carbonate and calcium hydroxide in H2O, and then separation of the solution and evaporation. (2) by electrolysis of potassium chloride under the proper conditions, and evaporation. Used in the preparation of potassium salts f 1) in solution, and (2) upon fusion. Also used 111 the manufacture of (3) soaps, (4) drugs. (5) dyes, (6) alkaline batteries, (7) adhesives, (8) fertilizers, (9) alkylates, (10) for purifying industrial gases, (11) for scrubbing out traces of hydrofluoric add in processing equipment, (12) as a drain-pipe cleaner, and (13) in asphalt emulsions. 

This equipment is housed in one cubicle for each processing line. Drained agent is stored in the same room as the neutralization reactors and other processing equipment. 

Equipment Drains - Most equipment items have drains which must be run to nearby collecting systems. The size will vary with the size of the equipment, but 1 1/2-in. is a realistic average size. The units include one 1 1/2-in. valve and 20 ft. of process type pipe. 

There are six basic techniques for cleaning process equipment [f Fill-and-empty. A vessel is isolated from other equipment and filled with a cleaning solution. The solution can be heated and agitated, and is drained after four to eight hours. Rinsewater, or... 

Properties Required During Processing. The processing equipment places specific requirements upon the properties of the molten waste product, e.g., in the present WFP equipment the molten glass is drained out of the melter periodically through a 1/2-in. drain spout a melt viscosity of < 200 poises is required to do the melt discharging in a controlled and timely manner. 

The acid (chemical) sewer should be designed to collect heavily-contaminated, corrosive process chemical wastes which occur as spillage, leakage and valved drains at process equipment and pumps. 

These would include process piping, valving, drains, byp ses, vents, etc., as well as the process equipment requirements. Such flow sheet-s arc useful for plant construction work. 

Both the type and location of service urinals and stools for both men and women employees require prime consideration. It is important that the sanitary service be somewhat removed from the plant processing in order to simplify fittings underground. Process equipment service may interfere with sanitary service in drainage, since equipment drainage may overtax the system at periodic intervals. Therefore, each piece of equipment should drain directly into the main laterals. 

The high-alloy silicon irons are used in draining pipelines, pumps, valves, other process equipment, and anodes for cathodic protection with impressed current. 

Engineers select and evaluate process equipment. The selected equipment must be technically sound, rehable, safe and easy to operate, serviceable, economically attractive and environmentally sound, e.g. minimal noise pollution and no mechanical and fire hazards. For example, all pneumatic valves, except for the modulating valves, are air-to-open/ spring-to-close valve type for safe shutdown unless the valve is a divert drain valve as... 

Once introduced into the winery, substantial populations can build up in difficult-to-clean sites such as processing equipment and transfer lines and valves where organic deposits may accumulate over the course of a season. Other important reservoirs for the organisms include drains and isolated pockets of Juice and wine as well as pomace piles in close proximity to the winery. 

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