Mahogany acids

Magstream Mahogany acids Mahogany sulfonate Maillard products Maillard reaction... 

Petroleum sulfonic acids may be divided roughly into those soluble in hydrocarbons and those solnble in water. Because of their color, hydrocarbon-soluble acids are referred to as mahogany acids, and the water-soluble acids are referred to as green acids. The composition of each type varies with the nature of the oil sulfonated and the concentration of acids produced. In general, those formed during light acid treatment are water soluble oil-soluble acids result from more drastic sulfonation. 

Mahogany acids oil-soluble sulfonic acids formed by the action of sulfuric acid on petroleum distillates. They may be converted to their sodium soaps (mahogany soaps) and extracted from the oil with alcohol for use in the manufacture of soluble oils, rust preventives, and special greases. The calcium and barium soaps of these acids are used as detergent additives in motor oils see also Brown acids and Sulfonic acids. 

Mahogany acids are monobasic acids of the general formula CnH2n-i2.SO3 and have a molecular weight range of 350 to 500 (36). 

Natural sulphonates are not, by themselves, namrally occurring but were historically obtained as by-products of white oil manufacture. In recent years, however, they have been produced as first-intent products. Normally, natural sulphonates are obtained as the neutral sodium salts. These materials have also been referred to as petroleum sulphonates or mahogany acid soaps. Reaction sequence (7.5) shows the formation of natural sulphonates ... 

Sulphonic acid mixture + NaOH Mahogany acid soaps + green acid soaps... 

Mahogany acid soaps are oil soluble, whereas green acid soaps, so named because of their characteristic colour, are water soluble. The use of natural sulphonates in lubricants has decreased in recent years, mainly due to cost and availability issues. Synthetic sulphonates have replaced them where possible, although a demand for natural sulphonates remains in certain applications. 

Brown acid oil-soluble petroleum sulfonates found in acid sludge that can be recovered by extraction with naphtha solvent. Brown-acid sulfonates are somewhat similar to mahogany sulfonates but are more water soluble. In the dry, oil-free state, the sodium soaps are light-colored powders. 

Eucalyptus robusta Sm. Da Ye An (Swamp mahogany) (leaf) Essential oils, cineol, thymol, gallic acid.33 Antibacterial, antimalarial. Externally treat Trichomonas vaginalis. 

The oil-soluble sulfonates resulting from the acid treatment of oil boiling above 550° F. are typified by the mahogany or white oil sulfonates which for many years were the unwanted by-products of white oil manufacture, but which in view of recent industrial applications have reversed positions with the former primary product. 

Raw materials. Petroleum sulphonates were originally obtained as by-products of white oil or lubricant oil production. In this process, the oil was treated with sulphuric acid, sulphonating aromatic compounds which could then be separated from the non-polar oils. These were further separated into oil soluble ( mahogany ) and water soluble ( green )... 

Natural agents Birch bark, butter, cabbage, capsaicin, chicken, cinnamon, cobalt chloride, copper, cotton oils, eggs, fish, fruits (kiwi, strawberry), hawthorn, honey, horse saliva, laboratory animals, mahogany, milk, nickel, papain, prawn crust, seminal fluid, sorbic acid, spices, spider mites... 

White oils are prepared by drastic further treatment of lubricant stocks. In the older process the appropriate stock was subjected to successive treatments with sulfuric acid until the refined oil met the desired specifications. Acid-treatment is still used to refine white oils because the other products of the process, mahogany petroleum sulfonic acids, are valuable and useful in their own right. The modern process for making white oils utilizes a severe double hydrogenation followed by clay bleaching. 

Cimifugoside (30), from the roots of Cimifuga simplex, is closely related to actein. It is converted into cimifugenin A (31) on treatment with acetic acid. Cycloswietenol (32), from the heartwood of Swietenia mahogani, has a novel methylation pattern in the side-chain. The C34 triterpenoid methyl ether... 

Excess Acid. The helpful function of excess sulfuric acid as an inexpensive, low-viscosity solvent for most sulfonic acids is often overlooked because of the difficulty of recovering a product dissolved in it, or because of the disposal problem often encountered. Sulfonation of most of the hydroxyl, amino, nitro, and carboxylic derivatives of benzene, naphthalene, and anthraquinone is facilitated in this manner by the presence of excess acid. The same effect applies to anthraquinone itself, to petroleum lubricant fractions during sulfonation to mahogany and green acids, and to the sulfation of fatty oils. Chlorosulfonic acid, used in large excess for the conversion of aromatic compounds to sulfonyl chlorides by chlorosulfona-tion, functions in a similar manner. 

It forms soft, flexible, lemon-yellow crystals, permanent in air at ordinary temperatures. They begin to lose Aq at 60° (140° F.), and become anhydrous at 100° (213° F.). Soluble in HaO insoluble in alcohol, which precipitates it from its aqueous solution. When calcined with KHO or KaCOs, potassium cyanid and cyanate are formed, and Fe is precipitated. Heated with dilute HaSOi, it yields an insoluble white or blue salt, potassium sulfate, and hydrocyanic acid. Its solutions form with those of many of the metallic salts insoluble ferrocyanids those of Zn, Pb, and Ag are white, cupric ferrocyanid is mahogany-colored, fer-... 

Synonyms Mahogany oil Mineral oil sulfonic acids, sodium salts Petroleum sulfonates, sodium salts Petroleum sulfonic acid, monosodium salt Sodium naphtha sulfonate Sulfonated petroleum, sodium salt Definition Natural oil-sol. mixed surfactants contg. 61-63% sulfonates and with equiv. wts. of 415-540 g Properties Anionic Toxicology TSCA listed... 

Mahogany sulfonates n. Soaps, the sodium salts of sulfonic acids from petroleum refining sludge used in synthetic resin production, as are sorbitan oleates and laurates, polyoxyethylene esters. 

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