From sulfonic acids

SUCCINONITRILE, a,/3-DIPHENYL-, 32, 63 Sulfonyl chloride from sulfonic acid, 30, 58... 

Interest in new solid polymer electrolytes has driven some research groups to investigate other materials containing proton conducting moieties aside from sulfonic acid. Polymers and copolymers from monomers containing phosphonic-based proton conductors have been reported. Phosphonic and/or phosphinic acid containing polymers have not been well studied because of the rather limited synthetic procedures available for their preparation, compared with sulfonic acid derivatives. Miyatake and Hay... 

Furthermore, the cleavage of organic sulfites and sulfates by hydrogen fluoride gives the corresponding alkyl or acyl fluorides in fair to good yield,287 e.g. formation of acetyl fluoride from the mixed anhydride287 or sulfonyl fluorides from sulfonic acid anhydrides.287... 

Chitosan -dyes from sulfonic acid complexes [SULFONIC ACIDS] (Vol 23) -wet-web strength [PAPERMAKING ADDITIVES] (Vol 18)... 

Sulfonamides may be directly synthesized from sulfonic acid salts by treatment with triphenylphosphine ditriflate followed by an amine <2004JA1024>. This procedure, that avoids the generation of sulfonic acids, converts sulfonic acid salt 129 to sulfonamide 130 in 81% yield (Equation 92). Problems associated with the removal of triphenylphosphine oxide by-products can be alleviated by performing the reaction with polystyrene-supported phosphine. 

Sulfonamides can be directly synthesized from sulfonic acid salts by treatment with triphenylphosphine ditriflate followed by an amine <2004JA1024>. 

The second direct method depends on the ability of aqueous potassium chloride, adjusted to pH 4 with carbon dioxide, to selectively elute hydrogen ions from sulfonic acid groups in pulps that first have been converted to their hydrogen form with 0.1 M hydrochloric acid (Cappelen and Schoon 1966). Carbon dioxide is removed from the eluent by sparging with nitrogen and the remaining acid is titrated with 0.1 M sodium hydroxide. Again, a correction factor for interference from carboxylic acids is required. This factor, as before, is based on the protons eluted from bleached pulps by the eluent. As the results depend on the concentration of potassium chloride used, the letter is adjusted so that the sulfonate content corresponds to the sulfur content of pulps assumed to contain only acidic sulfur. 

Sulfonation of pritnuline-like color bases by the baking process yields sulfonic acids whose azo dye derivatives are more fast to light than those from sulfonic acids prepared in the ordinary way. It is assumed that in the baking process, the sulfo group enters ortho to the amino group, and that this increases the light fastness. This same principle was mentioned in connection with the pyrazolone dyes. 

A similar scheme is used [15, p. 312] for recovering uranium from sulfonic acid solutions. The solution containing 5 x 10" - IQ- moles per liter of uran)d sulfate at pH = 2 is treated with anion exchanger (Fig. 21). Uranium is almost completely recovered from solution by the resin. Solution containing 20 g/L of uranyl sulfate is then eluted with H2SO4. Anion exchanger in the sulfate form is transferred to column I. 

Figure 21 A scheme for uranium recovery from sulfonic acid solutions.

Sulfinic acids from sulfonic acid chlorides... 

---