Macro- and micro-components

Sugimura, T. Symposium on Environmental Aspects of Cancer The Role of Macro and Micro Components of Foods (abstract) American Health Foundation New York, 1982. 

Validation of the model involved application of the model to 1) measurements of natural brine macro- and micro-component concentrations to determine whether predicted saturated phases corresponded with naturally occurring precipitated phases, and 2) measurement of equilibrium saturation concentrations of Cu, Pb, Cd, and Zn in 2, 4, and 6 molal artificial brines of known composition to validate the predictive ability of the micro-component portion of the model. 

Some of the technological areas in which means and methods of electrochemical deposition constitute an essential component are all aspects of electronics—macro and micro, optics, optoelectronics, and sensors of most types, to name only a few. In addition, a number of key industries, such as the automobile industry, adopt the methods even when other methods, such as evaporation, sputtering, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and the like, are an option. That is so for reasons of economy and/or convenience. 

Observations of lower rates of certain chronic diseases in several Asian countries compared to the United States served as the impetus for studies that were conducted to identify the factors that were accountable (Tham et al., 1998). Consumption of soy is one factor that correlated with these lower rates. From this information, much research focused on soy protein and accompanying bioactive compounds with regard to elucidating mechanisms associated with risk markers for chronic disease, particularly CVD. The combination of macro- (protein, fiber, fat) and micro-components (isoflavones, saponins, tocopherols) as part of many traditional soy foods may underlie the epidemiological observations associated with soy intake. A body of cell culture and animal data shows potential health effects of a multitude of bioactive components in soy (i.e., saponins, phenolic acids, peptides). However, studies determining the independent effects of saponins, phenolic acids, and protease inhibitors in humans are yet to be conducted. 

I created the inclusion equation to help depict the interrelated variables necessary to create and sustain inclusive cultures (see Figure 7.1). There are two broad components of the inclusion model it depicts macro and micro inclusion practices. The two macro aspects focus on organizational culture and organizational systems. At the micro level, the model identifies individual cultural competence and emotional intelligence as the two core requirements to create and sustain inclusion. The components of the model are interdependent and work synergistically. When any one aspect is weak or absent, it severely inhibits the ability of an organization to effectively practice inclusion. 

The simulated model components are stepwise substituted by real system modules. The model running on a workstation controls the sensor and actuator components of macro dimension. Going from macro to micro components the workstation will finally be replaced by a microcontroller... 

The solid friction is calculated by an energetic approach which is described in [1] and in more depth by Bartel [10]. The components of the solid friction are deformation and adhesion. The first one can be calculated from the elastic-, plastic deformations of the macro and micro geometry. To calculate the adhesion force, some assumptions have to be taken into account at the moment Adhesive bonding can only occur if plastic deformation of the material takes place and secondly if local temperatures exceed a critical value which lead to a desorption of the fluid film. Since the simulation program is not able to determine local temperatures yet, the second assumption cannot be tested. But it seems reasonable that the plastically deformed micro asperity also experience local temperature peaks. Since it is quite sophisticated to get reliable values for the shear strength in adhesive bonding, in this work one sixth of the universal hardness or plastic pressure limit of 100Cr6 (SAE 52100), respectively, is used ... 

This student had no chemistry background knowledge and did not think about matter in a particulate way. This student did not hnk to the macro and sub-micro levels simultaneously but used them independently. These results reveal difficulties that some students have in identifying the significant components of chemical diagrams and the conventional symbolism that are used. Consequently, assumptions commonly made by instractors with respect to students abilities to interpret chemical diagrams should be questioned. 

Organic compounds interact with each other and with the inorganic, macro, micro, and colloidal components in soil. Complex and simple organic molecules form complexes with inorganic cations and anions and with colloidal... 

The Grinization complexes include all vitally needed macro-, micro-and ultra-microelements that are compulsory components of the animal and vegetable matter being their source used in Grinization complexes production. With the scope of the Grinization complexes, functional activity increase, and some essential macro- and microelements are added, such as calcium, magnesium, zinc, manganese, silicium, vanadium these are included into the complexes in the most solvable and acceptable form of chelates. 

All microorganisms require varying amounts of a large number of nutrients. These are required because they are necessary components of bacterial protoplasm. The nutrients can be divided into three groups macro, minor, and micro. The macronutrients are those that comprise most of the biomass. These are given by the commonly accepted formula for biomass (Cml 2I ). The carbon, hydro-... 

Despite many recent advances in material science and engineering, the performance of ceramic components in severe conditions is still far below the ideal limits predicted by theory. Modem ceramics have been primarily the products of applied physics and parallel the developments of physical metallurgy. The emphasis on the relation between behavior and microstructure has been fruitful for ceramic scientists for several decades. It has been recently realized, however, that major advances in ceramics during the next several decades will require an emphasis on molecular-level control. Organic chemistry, once abhorred by ceramic engineers trained to define ceramics as inorganic-nonmetallic materials, has become a valuable source of new ceramics. It has recently become known that as the stmctural scale in ceramics is reduced from macro to micro and to nano crystalline regimes, the basic properties are drastically altered. A brittle ceramic material has been shown to be partially ductile, for example. 

Diversity on the farm is preserved and encouraged, literally from the ground up. A variety of components including mulch, compost, minerals and natural fertilisers provide habitat for a variety of macro- (insects and worms) and micro-organisms naturally present in the soil. Then, through annual... 

The overall coalescence rate of a dispersion/emulsion in a separator is the most important design criterion. Unfortunately, this rate is a product of several complex mechanisms like binary coalescence, interfacial coalescence, and set-tling/creaming. Each of these mechanisms is further related to other even more complex processes/factors like hydrodynamic micro- and macro-motion, droplet size distribution, and interfacial components. In order to understand the overall coalescence rate one must also understand the interactions between these mechanisms. This makes it difficult to separate the overall rate into a sum of distinct rates, and is probably the reason why there exists no generalized coalescence model for concentrated dispersions with a sound theoretical foundation. 

If a polymeric blend system is homogeneous (3), it can be linked to alloys of metals where components mix completely on a molecular scale. If it is heterogeneous, and form a two- or multi phase structure, depending on degree of phase separation there may be different phases either at macro or micro level (4). Heterogeneous blend systems are of growing interest, where, to utilize physical properties of the components efficiently a good stress-transfer between the components is essential hence, proper attraction and adherence of different components with each other is needed. 

---